4.7 ADDITIONAL READINGS

The original MEN work was introduced by El-Halwagi and Manousiouthakis (1989a). Since then, numerous papers have been published on the subject. Multicomponent MENs can also be systematically synthesized (e.g., El-Halwagi and Manousiouthakis 1998b); Alva-Argaez et al. (1999). El-Halwagi and Manousiouthakis (1990a,b) developed mathematical programming techniques to synthesize MENs as well as the regeneration systems. Genetic algorithms techniques were employed to synthesize MENs (Garrard and Fraga 1998; Xue et al., 2000). Srinivas and El-Halwagi introduced the problem of reactive mass exchange networks (El-Halwagi and Srinivas 1992; Srinivas and El-Halwagi 1994a). The design of MEN-hybrid systems was addressed by El-Halwagi et al. (1992) and Hamad et al. (1996). The simultaneous design of mass- and heat exchange networks was addressed by Srinivas and El-Halwagi (1994b) and Sebastian et al. (1996). Kiperstok and Sharratt (1995) solved the problem of synthesizing MENs with fixed-load removal. Mass exchange networks with variable supply and target compositions were tackled by (Garrison et al., 1995). Fixed-cost targeting techniques were developed by Hallale and Fraser (1997, 2000). Other classes of MENs include those providing flexible performance (Zhu and El-Halwagi 1995). Papalexandri and Pistikopoulos 1994), and controllable MENs (Huang and Edgar 1995; Huang and Fan 1995). Batch MENs have been synthesized by Foo et al. (2004). Furthermore, mass-pinch diagrams have been developed for a single lean-stream for resource conservation such as minimizing water use (Wang and Smith 1994; Dhole et al., 1996; Mann and Liu 1999) and managing process hydrogen (Alves and Towler 2002).

Many industrial applications of...