Embedded Media Processing
Covering the entire spectrum of EMP-related design issues, this practical book will be an invaluable aid to every engineer working with EMP, from the beginner to the seasoned expert.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Embedded Media Processing
Broadcast TV NTSC and PAL
Analog video standards differ in the ways they encode brightness and color information. Two standards dominate the broadcast television realm NTSC and PAL. NTSC, devised by the National Television System Committee, is prevalent in Asia and North America, whereas PAL (Phase Alternation Line) dominates Europe and South America. PAL developed as an offshoot of NTSC, improving on its color distortion performance. A third standard, SECAM, is popular in France and parts of eastern Europe, but many of these areas use PAL as well. Our discussions will center on NTSC systems, but the results relate also to PAL-based systems. Reference 34 in the Appendix provides a thorough discussion of the intricacies of each of these standards, along with which countries use them.
Video Resolution
Horizontal resolution indicates the number of pixels on each line of the image, and vertical resolution designates how many horizontal lines are displayed on the screen to create the entire frame. Standard definition (SD) NTSC systems are interlaced-scan, with 480 lines of active pixels, each with 720 active pixels per line (i.e., 720 480 pixels). Frames refresh at a rate of roughly 30 frames/second (actually 29.97 fps), with interlaced fields updating at a rate of 60 fields/second (actually 59.94 fields/sec).
High-definition (HD) systems often employ progressive scanning and can have much higher horizontal and vertical resolutions than SD systems. We will focus on SD systems rather than HD systems, but most of our discussion also generalizes to the higher frame and pixel rates...
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