TABLE OF CONTENTS | Property | Method of Analysis |
|---|---|
| Color | OM(S/B) |
| Virtual image and magnification | OM(S) |
| High topological magnification | EWS) |
| Subsurface analysis | AES(S) |
| Elemental identification | EDXRA(S/B) |
| Chemical identification | EPM(S),AES(S), ESCA(S), IR(S/B), AS(B), XRD(B), NMR(B), GC(B),HPLC(B) |
| Crystal form and degree of crystallization | XRD(B), UV(B) |
| Melting temperature | DSC, DTA(B) |
| Glass transition temperature | DSC(B) |
| Decomposition temperature | TGA(B) |
| Modulus versus temperature | DMA(B) |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion | TMA(B) |
| Polymer/resin molecular weight | GPC(B) |
| Surface energy | G(S) |
| Viscosity | V(B) |
| X-ray imaging | XRM(S/B) |
| Legend: S, surface analysis; B, bulk analysis; OM, optical microscopy; EM, electron microscopy; EDXRA, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; EPM, electron probe microanalysis; AES, Auger electron spectroscopy: ESCA, electron scanning chemical analysis; IR, infrared spectroscopy; AS, atomic spectroscopy; XRD, X-ray diffraction spectros-copy; GPC, gel permeation chromatography; HPLC. high-performance liquid chromatography; GC, gas chromatography; UV, ultraviolet spectroscopy; NMR. nuclear magnetic resonance; DSC, differential scanning calorimetry; TGA, thermogravimetric analysis; TMA, thermomechanical analysis; DMA, dynamic mechanical analysis; DTA, differential thermal analysis; V, viscosity; XRM, X-ray microscopy; G, goniometer. |
| Bond | Compound Type | Frequency Range(cm ?1) |
|---|---|---|
| -C-H | Alkanes | 2850-2960 |
| -CH 2 | Alkanes | 1450 |
| -CH 3 | Alkanes | 1325-1400 |
| -C-H | Alkenes | 3020-3080 |
| Aromatic rings | 3000-3100 | |
| Alkynes | 3300 | |
| -C=C- | Alkenes | 1640-1680 |
| -C=C- | Alkynes | 2100-2260 |
| -C=C- | Aromatic rings | 1500,1600 |
| -C-O | Alcohols, ethers, carboxylic acids, esters | 1080-1300 |
| -C=O | Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters | 1690-1760 |
| -O-H | Monomeric alcohols, phenols | 3610-3640 |
| Hydrogen-bonded alcohols, phenols | 3200-3600 | |
| Carboxylic acids | 2500-3000 | |
| -N-H | Amines | 3300-3500 |
| -C ?N | Nitriles | 2210-2260 |
| -NO 2 | Nitro compounds |
