Appendix A: References and Tables

A.1 Powers of 10 and Equivalents

Power of 10	Base 10	Prefix	Symbol
10 ¹⁵	1,000,000,000,000,000	1 P/peta	P
10 ¹⁴	100,000,000,000,000
10 ¹³	10,000,000,000,000
10 ¹²	1,000,000,000,000	1 T/tera	T
10 ¹¹	100,000,000,000
10 ¹⁰	10,000,000,000
10 ⁹	1,000,000,000	1 G/giga	G
10 ⁸	100,000,000
10 ⁷	10,000,000
10 ⁶	1,000,000	1 M/mega	M
10 ⁵	100,000
10 ⁴	10,000
10 ³	1,000	1 K/kilo	K
10 ²	100
10 ¹	10
10 ⁰	1	1	1
10 ^-1	0.1
10 ^-2	0.01
10 ^-3	0.001	1 milli	m
10 ^-4	0.0001
10 ^-5	0.00001
10 ^-6	0.000001	1 micro	?
10 ^-7	0.0000001
10 ^-8	0.00000001
10 ^-9	0.000000001	1 nano	n
10 ^- ¹⁰	0.0000000001
10 ^-11	0.00000000001
10 ^-12	0.000000000001	1 pico	P
10 ^-13	0.0000000000001
10 ^-14	0.00000000000001
10 ^-15	0.000000000000001	1 femto	f

NOTES:

The number multiplied by the power of 10 is the coefficient.
Typically only one number is shown to the left of the decimal point (e.g., 2.356 ^- ⁸).
Numbers less than 1 are shown with negative exponents (e.g., 1-milliamp(0.001A) = 1 10 ^- ³A).
To add or subtract two numbers expressed as powers of 10, both numbers should have the same exponents, in which case the...

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