W.L.McLaughlin 1 , A.Miller 2 , A.Kov cs 3
1 National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20902, USA
2 High Dose Reference Laboratory, Ris National Laboratory, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
3 Institute of Isotope and Surface Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, P.O.B. 77, Hungary
Chemical and physical radiation dosimetry methods, used for measurement of absorbed dose mainly during the industrial use of ionizing radiation, are discussed with respect to their characteristics and fields of application.
The ionizing radiation quantity, absorbed dose (D) needs to be measured in many applications, and several effective dosimetry systems have been developed over the past century. The main purposes are measurement of (1) the energy imparted in a given mass of a specific material at a certain point of interest, namely dose, in units gray (Gy) where 1 Gy=1 J/kg; (2) absorbed dose rate; (3) the dose distribution over a specified material volume. Dose measurement is of basic significance especially in radiation processing, radiation protection and medicine, and the physical and chemical concepts developed for dosimetry are equally relevant to these applications. Although some of these are described in other chapters, dosimetry systems used mainly in radiation processing are discussed here, however, when dealing with certain groups of dosimeters, other applications characteristic of that group are also described briefly.
The most important practical applications of ionizing radiation in industry have been discussed in Chapter 1 of Volume 3. describing the basic characteristics...
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