How to Cheat at Deploying and Securing RFID

Chapter 2: The Physics of RFID

Introduction

The core functionality of an RFID system is the communication between a reader and a tag. The communication is carried out using RF waves, which are basically the EM waves with frequencies from the subspectrum of EM frequency spectrum called radio frequencies. The propagation of these waves is governed by the underlying physics principles. The goal of this chapter is to help you understand some physics concepts related to this communication. To accomplish this goal, we will explore three avenues: generation and propagation of the RF wave carrying the data signal from the source to the antenna, emission of the RF wave by the antenna into the free space, and propagation of the RF wave traveling through the space. Pay attention to the characteristics that affect the performance of an RFID system during this journey of the RF wave.

Understanding Radio Frequency Communication

Generally speaking, RFID is a means to identify an object using radio frequency transmission, which suggests that communication is involved in the identification process. The communication takes place between two devices: a reader that needs the information and a tag that has the information. Before we dive into the physics of communication, let s get on the same page about some concepts that are at the heart of this communication.

Elements of Radio Frequency Communication

Radio frequency communication uses the EM waves with frequencies from a specific part of the EM frequency spectrum. Therefore, the underlying physics behind RF communication is the same as for any...

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