Industry has implemented many changes to increase conservation of water. Alternate sources of water are acceptable if process changes are made. The improvements in scale inhibitor technology, and system monitoring have largely been ignored or underexploited, and in many instances, alternate sources are usable simply with optimization of internal treatment. Computer software and knowledge of cooling water chemistry allow for the development of many kinds of formulations to meet the need for constantly changing conditions. Knowledge of various sources and their potential problems allows selection of appropriate corrosion, scale and biological growth inhibitors. Compatibility with process changes and equipment both upstream and downstream is important for product selection. An increased emphasis on monitoring, awareness of interactions and use of software is necessary for optimization of internal treatment programs. Costs of internal treatment optimization need to be compared with process changes in order to find the proper choice for the maximum return on investment.
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