There is very little information available on internal treatment for cooling systems using recycled water. The focus in the literature was on process changes. The only papers on internal treatment dealt specifically with either zero blowdown or the reuse of municipal wastewater in cooling systems. Most of the literature was written during the era of chromate and acid use. The switch to more alkaline treatment programs and the recent technological innovations in the use of water treatment polymers for scale control were not mentioned anywhere. The time was right to revisit the topic and look at the data objectively.
Cultural ideas, or individual or corporate perceptions (our world view) affect our responses to questions asked. We must be aware of these faults and constantly challenge our ideas and make sure that they are achieving our goals. Older paradigms die slowly. We must ask the question "is it now better to use internal treatment to increase cycles of concentration or spend money on process changes? This type of inquiry is rarely done. A large variety of water soluble polymers has exploded onto the scene. Are they really allowing significant water savings, and if they are, why aren't they being utilized? If they are they must be quickly integrated, and reevaluated as conditions and technology change.
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