D.1 Variable Naming Conventions

In this book, we employ the following variable notation:

• scalar values, n, in italic, serifed font

• random scalar values, n, in italic, sans serif font

• vectors and higher dimensional arrays, c, in bold face, serifed font

• random vectors, c, in bold, sans serif font

• transform domain vectors and arrays, C, in uppercase, bold, serifed font

• sets, , in uppercase, caligraphic font

Scalar variables are also used for objects of unspecified datatype, such as messages, m.

Subscripts are used to denote different versions of a variable. For example, c denotes a Work, c _o denotes the original version of a Work, c _w denotes a watermarked Work, etc. Subscripts usually have the same type style as the variables to which they are attached. However, when it refers to another variable, a subscript has the type style of that variable instead. For example, w _m is a watermark pattern or vector that represents message m.

For vectors and higher dimensional arrays, indices are specified in square brackets. For example the pixel of image c located at row i, and column j is specified by c[ i, j]. When discussing Works of unspecified type, we regard them as one-dimensional (e.g. c[ i]).

We are not always strict about distinguishing between random and nonrandom variables. In general, we use a random variable, such as n, only when we intend to...