Condition Monitoring of Rotating Electrical Machines

Appendix A: Failure Modes and Root Causes in Rotating Electrical Machines

Based on the machine structure shown in Figures 2.10 and 3.7.

Table 1

Subassembly

Component

Failure mode

Root cause

Early indicators of the fault

Enclosure

Heat exchanger

Failure of heat exchanger pipework

Defective material

Defective installation

Corrosion

Vibration

Shock

Higher winding temperature

Higher coolant temperature

Moisture and lowered insulation resistance

Failure of heat exchanger tubes

Defective material

Defective installation

Corrosion

Vibration

Shock

Increased winding discharge activity

Vibration

Electrical connections

Insulation failure of connector

Defective material

Defective installation

Excessive dielectric stress

Excessive temperature

Increased connector discharge activity

Mechanical failure of connector

Defective material

Defective installation

Vibration

Shock

Higher winding temperature

Vibration

Altered machine performance

Bushings

Insulation failure of bushing

Defective material

Defective installation

Excessive dielectric stress

Excessive temperature

Vibration

Shock

Increased bushing discharge activity

Mechanical failure of bushing

Defective material

Defective installation

Vibration

Shock

Bearings and seals

Loss of lubrication, grease or oil

Lubrication system failure

Lack of maintenance

Failure of seals

Higher bearing temperature

Bearing vibration

Bearing noise

Mechanical failure of bearing element

Excessive wear

Loss of lubrication

Vibration

Shock

Overload

Loss of lubrication

Vibration

Shock

Overload

Electrically provoked failure of bearing element

Shaft voltage

Vibration

Shock

Electrical fault

Higher bearing temperature

Bearing vibration

Bearing noise

Shaft current

Table 2

Subassembly

Component

Failure mode

Root cause

Early indicators of the fault

Stator winding

Conductors

Failure of conductor cooling hoses

Defective design

Defective manufacture

Excessive vibration

Excessive temperature

Vibration

Failure of subconductors

Excessive vibration

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