integer numbers

natural numbers

real numbers

complex numbers

finite field

( )

real part

( )

imaginary part

?

a*

complex conjugate of a ?

a

absolute value of a ?

arg( a)

argument of a

a

vector

( a , b)

dot product of vectors a and b

a

norm of a

A ^t

transposed matrix A

E _av

average energy of constellation

E _max

maximum energy of a constellation point

f ₀

carrier frequency

f _s

tone bandwidth

_c

continuous maximum

_d

discrete maximum

g.c.d.

greatest common divisor

i.i.d.

independent identically distributed

p.d.f.

probability density function

p.s.d.

power spectral density

deg

degree of a polynomial

sinh

hyperbolic sine

cosh

hyperbolic cosine

sign

sign