TABLE OF CONTENTS This chapter discusses resistors, inductors, and capacitors, so-called lumped constant components. The dimensions of these components generally are small compared to a wavelength. This chapter also discusses a number of circuits that use those components, including series resonant circuits, parallel resonant circuits, impedance-matching networks, and LC filters. Other lumped constant components and circuits are discussed in subsequent chapters.
The following is based on [1].
One of the important differences between LF systems and HF systems is that at high frequencies the current in a conductor is not uniform over the cross-section. Inductive reactance effects at high frequencies cause the current to flow only in the outer surface of the conductor. In computing resistance of a conductor at RF, it is common practice to first compute the skin depth. The skin depth is that distance below the surface of the conductor where the current density has diminished to 1/ e its value at the surface, where e is the base of the natural logarithm (2.718). The thickness of the conductor is assumed to be several times the skin depth at the lowest frequency of interest to minimize ohmic or conductor losses. This value also applies to the thickness of microstrip or stripline conductors. The acceptable standard is ? 3 for ? low-loss microstrip or strip transmission line.
In computing resistance of a round conductor, the conductor is simulated by a cylindrical shell of the same surface shape but a thickness equal to...
