=

equal to

?

not equal to

?

identically equal to

?

corresponds to

?

approximately equal to

?

approaches

asymptotically equal to

~

proportional to

?

infinity

<

smaller than

>

larger than

smaller than or equal to

larger than or equal to

much smaller than

much larger than

+

plus

?

minus

multiplied by

a divided by b

a

magnitude of a

a ⁿ

a raised to the power n

square root of a

nth root of a

mean value of a

p!

factorial p, 1 2 3 ... p

binomial coefficient,

?

sum

?

product

f(x)

function f of the variable x

f(b) ? f(a)

the limit to which f( x) tends as x approaches a

? x

delta x = finite increment of x

?x

delta x = variation of x

differential coefficient of f( x) with respect to x

differential coefficient of order n of f( x)

partial differential coefficient of f( x, y, ...) with respect to x, when y ... are held

df

the total differential of f

? f( x) dx

indefinite integral of f( x) with respect to x

definite integral of f(