Water Loss Control Manual
With numerous tables, diagrams, charts, graphs, photographs, and basic explanations, this book examines every aspect of water loss and provides simple, effective, tested solutions.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Water Loss Control Manual
Chapter 14: Resolving Apparent Losses
Julian Thornton
Case Study One
Proper Meter Sizing for Increased Accountability and Revenues John P. Sullivan, Jr., P.E. Elisa M. Speranza
Case Study Two
Putting the Water Works G-Man to Work Roger W. Esty
14.1 INTRODUCTION
Apparent losses come in various types, and each utility should properly identify the types and costs associated with the particular losses by undertaking a detailed audit as discussed in Chap. 4. The diagram at the right shows a preliminary component analysis of apparent loss management, similar to the one we used for real losses in earlier chapters. (Work is currently being undertaken by the author and other international specialists to improve this preliminary component analysis.)
In many cases a number of actions can be undertaken to combat apparent losses. This chapter discusses some of those actions.
14.2 MASTER METER CALIBRATION
Master meters are often overlooked and do not get installed properly or do not receive the correct periodic maintenance once they have been installed. For any utility that wishes to embark on an optimization project, the master or supply meter is one of the first meters which should be checked and properly calibrated. We are discussing the master meter in this chapter because meter testing and sizing is being addressed here; however, the master meter actually affects both real and apparent losses.
The master meter is one of the most important registers a utility has with which to measure performance.
Master Meter Types
Master meters come in various types, shapes, and sizes,...
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