Wind Turbine Control Systems: Principles, Modelling and Gain Scheduling Design

| ? | Angle of attack ( ) |
| ? | Pitch angle ( ) |
| ? d | Demanded pitch angle ( ) |
| ? o | Optimum pitch angle ( ) |
| ? | Tip-speed-ratio |
| ? min | Minimum tip-speed-ratio |
| ? o | Optimum tip-speed-ratio |
| ? Q ma x | Tip-speed-ratio for maximum torque coefficient |
| ? g | Generator speed (r /s) |
| ? N | Rated rotational speed (r /s) |
| ? r | Rotor speed (r /s) |
| ? s | Synchronous speed (r /s) |
| ? z | Zero-torque speed (r /s) |
| ? | Air density (1 .22 kg /m 3) |
| ? s | Torsion angle (r) |
| A | Area swept by the blades (m 2) |
| B b | Blade damping (kg /s) |
| B g | Intrinsic generator damping (kgm /s) |
| B r | Intrinsic rotor damping (kgm /s) |
| B s | Drive-train damping (kgm /s) |
| B t | Tower damping (kg /s) |
| B T | Intrinsic thrust damping (kNs /r) |
| C P | Power coefficient |
| C P ma x | Maximum power coefficient |
| C Q | Torque coefficient |
| C Q ma x | Maximum torque coefficient |
| C T | Thrust coefficient |
| F T | Thrust force (N) |
| J g | Generator inertia (kgm 2) |
| J r | Rotor inertia (kgm 2) |
| K b | Blade stiffness (kg /s 2) |
| K s | Drive-train stiffness (kg /s 2) |
| K t | Tower stiffness (kg /s |