Electrical and Electronics Reference Materials
Technical Articles
Reference Articles 201 - 300 of 3185
-
Inrush Current Limiter: Working Principle, Calculation, Selection Guide, and Motor / Capacitor Applications
Description: A practical engineering guide for understanding, calculating, selecting, and applying inrush current limiters in AC/DC power supplies, capacitive loads, AC motors, and DC motors. ...
-
How Electrification Shapes Forklift Safety
From: Micropower LLCDescription: Modern forklift safety is no longer limited to mechanical stability, operator training, and visibility. Instead, electric forklift safety encompasses how energy is stored, managed, and delivered ...
-
What is 2023 Code Year: NEC 555
From: Tecmark CorporationDescription: NEC Article 555 states the electrical safety measures for the marine industry. Learn more about the ground fault protection standards of boats, docks, and more. ...
-
The Business Value of Circularity
From: Micropower LLCDescription: As the focus on reuse, repurpose, remanufacturing and recycling continues to grow, it is becoming clear that true circularity depends on understanding the full battery value chain. Each ...
-
TPS High Efficiency Modular Bidirectional AC DC Converter for EV Charging & V2G & Test & Integration
From: TPS Elektronik GmbHDescription: This article introduces the TPS-BM142250SIR, a high-efficiency bidirectional AC-DC converter. It solves energy waste in traditional battery testing, where discharge energy turns into heat via ...
-
Step-Down Transformer Design and Applications
From: Win Source ElectronicsDescription: Explore how step-down transformers reduce voltage efficiently through core design, winding structure, and optimized power transmission. ...
-
High-Precision Load Plates
Description: Explore materials, flatness, plating, and design strategies that maximize semiconductor test accuracy, yield, and equipment uptime for CP, FT, and SLT applications. ...
-
Liquid Cooling Radiators for Server CPU Performance
Description: Discover how water-block radiators efficiently manage server CPU heat, enhancing performance, reliability, and scalability in data centers, AI workloads, and high-density computing environments. ...
-
Liquid Cooling Technologies for AI Data Centers
Description: Explore how cold plate, immersion, and next-generation liquid cooling technologies support high-density AI computing and future data center growth. ...
-
Why RF Interconnects are Becoming a Design Constraint
From: PEI-GenesisDescription: Rising frequencies from 5G to AI and quantum make RF interconnect performance decisive ...
-
Understanding Inductors
From: Triad MagneticsDescription: Technicians and electrical engineers alike regularly use or encounter inductors in the course of their work. The design and manufacture of such inductors is best left to specialists, but it is ...
-
Application Areas of Daitron's Low Noise Switching Power Supplies
From: Daitron Co., Ltd.Description: Our switching power supplies deliver low noise performance comparable to that of linear power supplies, while maintaining the inherent advantages of switching architectures??"namely compact size, ...
-
ASK THE EXPERT: Cable Assemblies for Aerospace and Defense
From: PIC Wire & CableDescription: As aerospace and defense platforms grow more complex, the demand for reliable, lightweight cable assemblies has never been greater. In this expert Q&A, Rob De Grave, Director of Product Management ...
-
Upgrading the Aerospace Industry with Lighter, Space-Saving Cable Solutions is Possible
From: PIC Wire & CableDescription: Single Pair Ethernet (SPE) is emerging as a transformative cabling solution for aerospace and defense applications. As aircraft designers face mounting pressure to reduce weight, simplify wiring ...
-
Wireless Medical Foot Switch Safety and Communication Protocol
Description: Wireless medical foot switches can help reduce cable clutter in operating rooms, which may lower trip hazards and improve mobility around surgical equipment. By eliminating a damage prone component in ...
-
What Is a Class-2 Power Transformer?
From: Triad MagneticsDescription: learn more about the purpose, design, and benefits of Class 2 transformers, so you can select the right device for your application. ...
-
Desktop Programmable DC Power: SELV Output Precision for Laboratory Component Safety Testing
From: TPS Elektronik GmbHDescription: TPS programmable power supplies offer SELV 40V output, 1mA resolution, and 30mA safe current threshold. Features low ripple, remote control (USB/Ethernet/SCPI), and auto-ranging for lab safety and ...
-
Why Engineers Are Switching to Solid-State Relays
From: Win Source ElectronicsDescription: Discover how SSRs improve reliability, switching speed, and safety while enabling smarter industrial and automation system designs. ...
-
Lithium Battery Manufacturer vs Lithium Battery Companies and How to Vet a Supplier
From: Green Cubes TechnologyDescription: How to vet a lithium supplier like procurement actually needs to ...
-
Fleet Electrification Starts With Upgrading Forklift Batteries for Better Uptime
From: Green Cubes TechnologyDescription: Electrification is not only about vehicles, it is about workflows ...
-
Redundant Mechanical and Electrical Systems in Medical Foot Controls
Description: In medical environments, medical foot switches and hand controls act as critical interface devices, where consistent and predictable performance is expected through repeated use. From a risk ...
-
What Is a 24V DIN Rail Power Supply and How Does It Power Industrial Control Panels & PLC Systems?
From: TPS Elektronik GmbHDescription: Guide to 24V DIN rail power supplies for industrial automation. Covers powering PLCs, 95% efficiency, active PFC benefits, integration in 19" cabinets, and selection criteria. Essential for panel ...
-
Resistor Color Codes: Identification and Calculation Methods
From: Win Source ElectronicsDescription: Analyze resistor color coding systems, focusing on resistance calculation, tolerance interpretation, and band identification for accurate electronic circuit design. ...
-
Why Testing Matters for Medical Foot Switches
Description: Understanding how these stages collaborate clarifies what testing is required and how medical foot switches are prepared for real-world application. ...
-
How Thermal Controls Affect Data Center Reliability
Description: Takes a detailed look at the ways to make sure you are specing reliable thermal controls for equipment used in data centers. ...
-
Speed Does Not Kill: Power Supplies with Fast Switching Frequency Just Got a Lot Safer
From: Skyworks Solutions, Inc.Description: Isolated power supply systems are prevalent in server systems, industrial applications, and telecommunication and networking equipment. In this bandwidth-hungry age of the Internet of Things (IoT), a ...
-
What is a Wireless Foot Switch?
Description: Foot switches are commonly used to control equipment while keeping the operator’s hands free. In many traditional setups, the foot switch is connected to the equipment through a physical cable ...
-
The Connected Backbone of Mission-Critical Aerospace and Defense
From: Nicomatic North AmericaDescription: Aerospace and defense (A&D) systems across commercial and military sectors-including uncrewed systems like VTOLs, as well as aircraft, satellites, and other spacecraft-present unique design challenges ...
-
How to Choose the Right DC Fan for Your Avionics System
Description: All electronics will generate heat in one form or another. Lowering the temperatures in areas where electrical equipment is housed can significantly extend the mean time between failures (MTBF) of the ...
-
Five Ways to Improve Server Rack Airflow and Efficiency
Description: Data center operations require effective cooling solutions to redirect the heat that servers generate. Without these solutions, significant heat levels can shorten equipment lifespans, lead to ...
-
Breakout Boxes for NVH Measurements: Structured Signal Routing with Multicore Cables
Description: Breakout boxes for structured signal routing - are used in the NVH (Noise, Vibration, Harshness) field to reliably connect multiple sensor signals to measurement equipment. Especially in multi-channel ...
-
Rotor Flange Slip Ring: Core Technology Analysis, Application Scenarios and Purchase Guide
Description: In the fields of machinery manufacturing, energy production, petrochemicals, etc., the transmission of power and signals between the rotating parts and the fixed parts of the equipment is a key link ...
-
Tilt Detection and Orientation Protection in Medical Foot Switches
Description: In medical environments, control devices are expected to respond only when intended. For medical foot switches, that means maintaining reliable operation in normal use while helping prevent accidental ...
-
Maximizing Battery Lifespan with Aluminum Cold Plates in ESS
Description: This comprehensive guide covers maximizing battery lifespan with solutions for industrial and OEM applications. ToneCooling provides expert insights on maximizing battery lifespan with technology and ...
-
Data Center Environmental Monitoring: Modular Solutions that Scale
From: ifm efector inc.Description: Benefits of data center cooling automation ...
-
How Wireless Foot Switches Handle Cybersecurity
Description: When a wireless foot switch is a part of a medical or industrial system, how the signal is protected as it travels between the pedal and the equipment is worth understanding before a design is ...
-
Fuse Selection: Protection Mechanisms and Design Criteria
From: VICFUSEDescription: Analyze fuse protection principles, focusing on overcurrent interruption, time-current characteristics, and selection criteria for reliable circuit protection. ...
-
Pogo Pins vs USB-C in Wearable Device Design
Description: Compare pogo pins and USB-C connectors, focusing on waterproofing, durability, alignment tolerance, and suitability for compact wearable devices. ...
-
Hybrid Connectors | Keying Guide for Correct Use
From: Beckhoff Automation LLCDescription: A hybrid connector combines power, signal, and data transmission in one connector. This saves space, time, and money, as cable routing and thus the complexity of the entire cabling process are ...
-
Mechnical Characteristics, Applications and Maintenance Specifications of High-Speed Rotary Unions
Description: A high-speed rotary union is a high-precision mechanical transmission and sealing assembly, whose core function is to realize the leak-free continuous transmission of media (liquid, gas, steam, etc.) ...
-
Ethernet Slip Ring Technology: Principles, Applications and Selection Guide
Description: This article presents a technical overview of Ethernet slip rings, key electro-mechanical components for high-speed data transmission in rotating systems. It covers their definition, working ...
-
Vehicle-Based Scanning Technology for Logistics and Delivery Operations
From: AgozTech LLCDescription: Mobile scanning technology plays a major role in modern transportation and logistics operations. Delivery drivers, freight operators, and field technicians rely on handheld scanners to verify ...
-
Understanding UPS Harmonic Mitigation and THDi/THDv
Description: Understanding how UPS systems interact with harmonics-and how to evaluate THDi (Total Harmonic Distortion of Current) and THDv (Total Harmonic Distortion of Voltage)-is critical for designing ...
-
Why Coil Voltage Matters When Selecting Contactors and Starters
Description: When specifying contactors and motor starters, most attention goes to current ratings, horsepower, and application type. But one critical detail often gets overlooked: coil voltage. ...
-
Understanding Duty Cycles: Continuous vs. Intermittent Operation for RC Blowers
Description: Understanding whether your application requires continuous or intermittent operation can mean the difference between long-term reliability and premature equipment failure. ...
-
High Voltage Slip Ring: Principle, Application, Selection
Description: In the rolling tide of industrial technology, slip rings, as the core component to achieve stable electrical connection between the moving and static parts of rotating equipment, are becoming more and ...
-
What is 2026 Code Year: NEC 680
From: Tecmark CorporationDescription: Lets dive into the Ground Fault Protection requirements of the Leisure Water industry. Read about what NEC 680 mandates for pools, spas, fountains, and more. ...
-
Types of Electronic Switches: A Complete List of Switch Types and Their Uses
Description: Switches are one of the most fundamental components in electrical and electronic systems. They control when current flows through a circuit, allowing machines, devices, and control systems to start, ...
-
EV Cold Plates: Stamping & Brazing for Leak-Free Cooling
Description: Discover how stamping forms flow channels and brazing ensures leak-proof joints, enabling efficient heat dissipation and long-term reliability in EV battery cooling systems. ...
-
Sustainable Warehousing and How Lithium Forklift Batteries Reduce Waste and Emissions
From: Green Cubes TechnologyDescription: Sustainability starts with reducing replacement and disposal cycles ...
-
Custom Lithium Ion Battery Packs and What to Specify for Industrial Equipment
From: Green Cubes TechnologyDescription: Start with the application, not the battery ...
-
Fiber Optic Slip Ring: Basic Information and Product Parameters Determining Pricing
Description: Fiber optic slip ring (also known as fiber optic rotary connector or optical combiner ring) is a precision device that uses optical fibers as the data transmission medium to enable uninterrupted ...
-
Harmonic Consideration for Data Centers
From: MTE CorporationDescription: Understand what harmonics are, their source in data centers, and solutions for mitigating them. ...
-
What Is a Kill Switch? How It Works and When You Need One
Description: When equipment needs to stop immediately, the control responsible for that action must be simple, predictable, and reliable. The term “kill switch” is commonly used to describe a device ...
-
The Complete Guide to Inrush Current Limiters: Technology, Selection, and DIN Rail Mounted Solutions
From: TPS Elektronik GmbHDescription: This article examines inrush current threats, comparing standalone NTC thermistors with advanced bypass-relay designs that eliminate cool-down delays and steady-state loss. It details DIN TS35 mounted ...
-
Vapor Chamber Design Guide for Electronics Cooling
Description: Details how structure and phase-change processes drive heat spreading and dissipation, helping engineers design reliable cooling solutions for high-power electronic devices. ...
-
Transformer Inrush Current Explained Causes, Risks and How to Reduce It
From: Majestic Transformer Co.Description: Transformer Inrush Current Explained: when a transformer is first energised, it can draw a current far higher than its normal operating level for a very short period. This is known as inrush current. ...
-
Design and Construction of Multichannel HVPS for Photomultiplier Tupes at LRC
From: Daitron Co., Ltd.Description: In the present time a consecutive phaseout from generally usable, modular, analog standard NIMelectronics to compact single purpose devices utilizing digital signal processing hardware takes place. As ...
-
The Unsung Hero of AI: Why Advanced Fan Drivers are a Data Center's Most Valuable Player
Description: The world is being reshaped by Artificial Intelligence. From generative AI creating art to complex algorithms powering autonomous vehicles, the computational demand is exploding. This explosion has a ...
-
Mobile Technology Workstations are on the Move
From: Green Cubes TechnologyDescription: This article presents the two competing architectures for providing uninterrupted power for medical and industrial mobile workstations - in-base power architectures and swappable battery systems. ...
-
Ultimate Guide to Choosing the Right Power Cord
Description: In this guide, we'll explore everything you need to know about power cords, including types, safety considerations, and tips for selecting the best option. ...
-
RF Connectors for 5G Communication Systems
From: Win Source ElectronicsDescription: Explains how IPEX RF connectors support high-frequency 5G systems with 50O impedance, low signal loss, and compact design, enabling reliable communication in telecom, IoT, and advanced electronics. ...
-
Wick Structure Impact on Vapor Chamber Performance
Description: Analyzes how wick design affects fluid return, capillary action, and heat transfer efficiency in vapor chambers, offering guidance for electronics cooling, high-power devices, and custom thermal ...
-
Single Pole vs Double Pole Switches: What's the Difference and When to Use Each
Description: Single pole and double pole switches can look nearly identical from the outside yet serve different purposes internally. In equipment and control system design, that difference matters. Understanding ...
-
AC/DC Print Modules: Compact Power Conversion for Industrial Industry 4.0 Applications
From: TPS Elektronik GmbHDescription: AC/DC print modules are compact PCB-mount converters for industrial use. With wide input (85-305 VAC), reinforced isolation, and integrated protections, they enable distributed power architectures in ...
-
Current Measurement System Makes Electric Vehicles Safer
From: Isabellenhutte USADescription: The growing popularity of electric drives is changing a variety of automotive safety concerns. While leaking petrol may be a thing of the past, the need to more precisely control electric currents in ...
-
How to Choose the Right Flexible Metal Conduit Connector for Your Application
From: Electri-Flex CompanyDescription: So, how do you choose the correct connector for your job? It starts by asking the right questions about your application—and knowing what’s at stake if you get it wrong. ...
-
How to Install Electrical Conduit Faster & More Efficiently
From: Electri-Flex CompanyDescription: When it comes to electrical conduit installation, labor is often the most significant cost—and the hardest to predict. The key to controlling it? Smarter planning, better material choices and ...
-
Installing Flexible Conduit: NEC Code Requirements You Need to Know
From: Electri-Flex CompanyDescription: Electrical failures, increased fire risks, compromised system integrity—so much can go wrong when you don’t install flexible conduit correctly. ...
-
What is 2026 Code Year: NEC 590
From: Tecmark CorporationDescription: NEC 590 mandates electrical safety for temporary power installations, like construction sites. Find the new location of its GFCI requirements in the NEC. ...
-
What Is a Double Pole Switch?
Description: Electrical switches are often described using terms such as single pole, double pole, SPST, or DPDT. While these labels may sound technical, they simply describe how many electrical circuits a switch ...
-
Pallet Jack Batteries With Lithium Options for Walkie Pallet Jacks and Warehouse Gear
From: Green Cubes TechnologyDescription: Where pallet jack batteries are used ...
-
Material Handling Batteries Explained for Forklifts, Pallet Jacks, and More
From: Green Cubes TechnologyDescription: What are material handling batteries? ...
-
Lithium Forklift Battery ROI and Payback Compared to Lead-Acid
From: Green Cubes TechnologyDescription: This guide explains how to evaluate lithium forklift battery ROI compared to lead-acid using a practical total cost of ownership framework. If you have even rough numbers for labor, downtime, and ...
-
Forklift Battery Safety 101 With BMS, Thermal Protection, and Warehouse Best Practices
From: Green Cubes TechnologyDescription: The biggest safety risks are usually operational ...
-
What Is a Single Pole Switch?
Description: When an operator presses a foot control to activate a medical device or start industrial equipment, a simple electrical action occurs behind the scenes. A circuit is either completed or interrupted. A ...
-
Relay Socket Types and Industrial Applications
From: Win Source ElectronicsDescription: Explore common relay socket designs-including DIN rail, octal, PCB, and plug-in types-and key features of high-power relay sockets used in industrial control, automation, and electrical systems. ...
-
Selecting a Vapor Chamber Manufacturer
Description: Engineering criteria for evaluating vapor chamber manufacturers, covering wick design, flatness tolerance, vacuum sealing, testing capability, and production consistency for reliable electronic ...
-
400W Server CPU Liquid Cooling Design Guide
Description: Simulation data across 300-400W scenarios demonstrates temperature control, pressure drop, and flow performance, offering a practical liquid cooling design reference for thermal engineers. ...
-
Solving AI Server Thermal Bottlenecks
Description: High-performance optical modules combined with liquid cold plate cooling support stable operation of AI clusters, reducing thermal throttling and improving efficiency in high-density data centers. ...
-
How to Choose the Right Transformer for Your Application
From: Majestic Transformer Co.Description: How to choose the right transformer for your application isn’t just about voltage and kVA on a datasheet. Selecting the correct unit requires a clear understanding of your load, supply ...
-
The Importance of Power Quality in Data Centers
From: MTE CorporationDescription: four critical areas where maintaining power quality is essential in modern data centers. ...
-
The Role of a UPS in a Tiered Data Center Architecture
Description: What is Tiered Architecture? ...
-
What Is UPS Bypass Mode and When Should You Use It?
Description: Bypass mode in a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) system allows the electrical load (e.g., servers, equipment) to be powered directly from the utility source, bypassing the UPS's inverter and ...
-
Cost of Downtime vs. Cost of UPS Investment: Making the Business Case
Description: When evaluating the value of a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) system, the most compelling argument often comes down to this: the cost of unplanned downtime is almost always higher than the cost of ...
-
The Benefits of LOTO and the Different Types
Description: Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) is a critical safety procedure used to ensure that electrical equipment-such as circuit breakers-is completely de-energized during maintenance or repair. LOTO helps prevent ...
-
How Gate Charge Impacts Switching Performance in MOSFETs and IGBTs
Description: Understanding how gate charge affects MOSFETs and IGBTs helps you select the right device and the right gate driver for your application. ...
-
Designing for Creepage and Clearance in IGBT Applications
Description: When working with high-voltage IGBT modules, creepage and clearance distances are critical for ensuring electrical safety, preventing arcing, and maintaining long-term reliability-especially in ...
-
UPS Systems and Regulatory Compliance: NFPA, Uptime Institute, and More
Description: Why Regulatory Compliance Matters ...
-
How to Properly Size a Contactor for Inductive vs. Resistive Loads
Description: Sizing a contactor isn't just "match the amps." Inductive loads (motors, transformers, solenoids) create inrush current and switching transients that are much harder on contacts than resistive loads ...
-
Selecting Circuit Breakers for Harsh or Hazardous Environments
Description: In demanding settings-such as chemical plants, offshore platforms, mining operations, or outdoor installations-standard circuit breakers may fail prematurely due to extreme temperatures, moisture, ...
-
Trench Gate vs. Punch-Through IGBT Technologies: A Comparison
Description: IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) come in various structural designs that impact performance, efficiency, and application suitability. Two key IGBT technologies are Trench Gate and ...
-
How Pressure, Vacuum, and Airflow Interact in Regenerative Blower Systems
Description: Understanding how pressure, vacuum, and airflow interact helps you select the right blower, prevent overheating, and achieve stable, efficient operation across the full life of the system. ...
-
The Importance of Power Factor in Data Center UPS Selection
Description: Let's break down why power factor matters, how it impacts UPS sizing, and what to look for in modern UPS designs. ...
-
ACDC Bidirectional Power Modules: Revolutionizing Battery Testing and Formation Systems
From: TPS Elektronik GmbHDescription: A bidirectional AC-DC module for battery formation/testing. It enables regenerative discharging, feeding energy back to the grid to cut waste heat and energy costs with high precision and efficiency. ...
-
Signal Integrity Optimization in Ethernet Connectors
From: Win Source ElectronicsDescription: This paper analyzes structural and electrical design principles of Ethernet connectors, focusing on impedance matching, crosstalk mitigation, shielding effectiveness, and mounting stability in ...
-
Chip-Level Cooling for 1500W GPU Architectures
Description: This paper analyzes chip-level cooling strategies for 1000-1500W GPUs, evaluating microchannel cold plates, advanced TIMs, vapor chambers, and intelligent thermal control for high-density AI data ...
-
The Definitive Guide to Adjustable AC Transformers: Precision Voltage Control in ESD-Safe Zones
From: TPS Elektronik GmbHDescription: This article introduces adjustable AC isolation transformers for ESD-safe workstations, overcoming the limitations of standard variacs by providing galvanic isolation. Using the TPS-AIT1500300 as an ...
-
Wired vs. Wireless Foot Switches: How to Choose the Right Fit for Your Application
Description: When teams evaluate a foot switch for a new system, one of the first questions is whether to use a wired or wireless connection. At first glance, the difference might seem simple. One uses a cable, ...
-
Enabling Clean Energy: Advanced Sensing for a Safer, More Sustainable Future
From: Powell Electronics, Inc.Description: Challenges and Opportunities of the Clean Energy Transition ...