Electrical and Electronics Reference Materials
Reference Articles 2501 - 2600 of 3232
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Optimizing Space & Keeping Cool with Control Panels
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: Electrical control panel builders know that the cost of the bare control panel represents a significant percentage of the total material cost of the completed electrical enclosure. Not only that, but ...
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What You Need to Know About Cooling Control Panel Enclosures
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: Control panels are designed to house and protect electrical components for powering and controlling industrial, HVAC, and other equipment. Industrial control panels may include PLCs, VFDs, contactors, ...
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Performance Factors and Design Flexibility In Medical Power Supplies
From: Polytron Devices, Inc.Description: When dealing with medical equipment, strict standards are often put into place to make sure patients and healthcare personnel remain safe. However, beyond these strictly-enforced safety standards, ...
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5 Keys to Protecting an Industrial Control Panel Enclosure
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: When assessing what kind of protection is needed for an industrial control panel enclosure, there are five key factors to consider. These are ambient temperature, humidity, pollution, weather and ...
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Glossary of Connector Terminology
From: Fujipoly® America Corp.Description: When specifying such an interconnect device (such as a Zebra® connector) is important to understand specific terminology. Below is a glossary of common terms that you will encounter. ...
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Working With Lab Instruments Under Low Oxygen
From: BakerDescription: When working with cells that require a low-oxygen atmosphere to thrive, it is important to create a continuously controlled environment to avoid oxidative stress. Shocking cells by removing them from ...
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Chemical Resistance Chart
From: Anamet Electrical, Inc.Description: The listed chemicals have been tested with results noted below. ...
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FAQ Tech Support
From: Anamet Electrical, Inc.Description: A list of common tech support questions. ...
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Food Grade White Paper
From: Anamet Electrical, Inc.Description: A Primer to the proper application of flexible conduit in Food Grade Applications. ...
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Packaging and Cutting Instructions
From: Anamet Electrical, Inc.Description: Standard coils of Anaconda SEALTITE are packaged in handy, strong, corrugated cartons. ...
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Plenum Environment
From: Anamet Electrical, Inc.Description: 2014 NEC Article 300.22 Wiring in Ducts Not Used for Air Handling, Fabricated Ducts for Environmental Air, and Other Spaces for Environmental Air (Plenums). ...
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A 10kW 3 level UPS Inverter utilizing a full SiC module solution to achieve high efficiency and reduce size and weight
Description: This article intends to describe the application of full SiC module in a 10 kW UPS inverter. 5-10kW is a widely used power rating for UPS and is also common for power modules. A module has been used ...
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Selecting Power Supplies for Medical Equipment Designs
From: Polytron Devices, Inc.Description: When it comes to medical equipment, nothing is more important than the safety of patients and health care personnel. From diagnostic tools such as ultrasound devices to home health equipment like ...
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Selecting Power Supplies for Medical
From: Polytron Devices, Inc.Description: Safety, standards and design flexibility are top considerations. ...
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How the Right Enclosure Air Conditioner Protects Your Equipment
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: The use of enclosure air conditioners to protect equipment inside electrical enclosures has become commonplace. However, there are several requirements that users should be aware of when selecting an ...
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Calculation of required volume flow (filter fans)
From: STEGODescription: In enclosures and cabinets with highly efficient and sensitive electronic components heat can also become a problem, especially with increasing packing density. Furthermore there is a risk that the ...
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10 Components for the BTUH Calculation For Enclosure Cooling
From: ISC Sales, Inc.Description: Selecting the right enclosure cooling solution can be complicated, but the experts at ISC enclosure cooling are here to help you through this process. This article will discuss how to calculate the ...
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4 Tips for Maintaining your Enclosure Air Conditioner in the Summer
From: ISC Sales, Inc.Description: Enclosure air conditioners that are in use outside are subject to a significantly higher heat load and lower air quality than those placed in temperature-regulated environments. These outdoor units ...
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CT Burden Chart
From: FLEX-COREDescription: DETERMINING BURDEN FOR CURRENT TRANSFORMERS CT SECONDARY WIRE SIZING EXAMPLE ...
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Current and Voltage Transformers Glossary
From: FLEX-COREDescription: Current and voltage transformers glossary. ...
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Digital Power Module Meets Fast Load Transient POL with Simple Cooling Design
Description: The ever-increasing demands of FPGAs, processors and ASICs are pushing point-of-load (POL) power converters to the limit. Not only do they occupy more motherboard real estate, but they also require ...
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Polymagnet® Concepts and Ideas
Description: Polymagnets® can be offered as components of a functional sub-assembly, such as vibration isolation, shear force transfer across a barrier, magnetic coupling across an air gap, or linear motion ...
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New Insulation Material Yields Smaller, Lighter, Greener Cables
From: Alpha WireDescription: Alpha Wire's new EcoWire hook-up wire uses flexible Noryl insulation to provide an environmentally friendly alternative to PVC. Noryl is a modified polyphenylene ether (mPPE) thermoplastic that is ...
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Your Cable Your Way: A Guide to Custom Cable Design
From: Alpha WireDescription: Many different types of cables can be made with a custom design. The following information is just some things to keep in mind when creating a custom cable. ...
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Changing Contact Pin Suppliers Doesn't Have to Be Painful
From: Bead ElectronicsDescription: In this modern day, it's all too easy to get lost in the virtual sea of analysis and comparisons, searching for the right supplier that fits your needs. And with mountains of data and information at ...
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Easy-To-Follow International Wiring Instructions For Your Power Supply
From: Polytron Devices, Inc.Description: To help reduce the likelihood of failure in your power supply, weâ ve released a set of new pinout diagrams on our website with easy-to-follow global wiring instructions to simplify connecting your ...
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Operational Cost Saving Opportunities for System Designers in Control Power
Description: Control panels most often have transformers feeding into Switched Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) that provide 24VDC power to PLCs, I/O cards, Solenoids, relay coils, etc. The excess heat generated in the ...
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Power Quality Issues, Impacts, and Mitigation for Industrial Customers
Description: Now, more than ever, electronic equipment and computing devices are used in all types of industrial processes. This has been pivotal in making these processes more productive, efficient, and safe. ...
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Surge and Filter Protection Devices and Applications
Description: A common mistake in determining the total cost of a failure is to look only at the cost of the failed component. In reality, the analysis of the exact cost of a failure needs to take into account the ...
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Low Power Consumption Fan 60 mm Sq. 10 mm Thick
Description: In recent years, a trend has emerged for devices in the LCD display, LED panel and other similar markets to be smaller and thinner, therefore there is a requirement for the fans equipped in such ...
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Wide Temperature Range Fan
Description: In recent years, photovoltaic power generation, electric vehicles, etc. have spread rapidly from the perspective of global environmental protection and are used in various regions around the world. ...
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Highlights of 2014 and New Products Introduction
Description: Cooling fans are now equipped in power conditioners of photovoltaic power systems, high-brightness LED lighting devices and charging stations for electric vehicles due to the increase in the amount of ...
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Current Transformer Application Note and Wire Length Chart
From: Weschler InstrumentsDescription: Current transfomers are specified by size (VA rating), ratio and accuracy. The VA rating determines the maximum secondary impedance (lead+terminal+meter impedance) that can be driven at the stated ...
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Current Transformer Measurements
From: Weschler InstrumentsDescription: The Current Transformer (CT) is used to sense AC current in single-phase or three-phase mains circuits. The CT typically has a 1A or 5A AC secondary that connects to a current, power or energy meter. ...
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Thermal Management For Power Supplies
From: Polytron Devices, Inc.Description: To help reduce the likelihood of failure in your power supply, we've released a set of new pinout diagrams on our website with easy-to-follow global wiring instructions to simplify connecting your ...
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When is a Plastic Connector the Right Connector?
From: LEMO USA, Inc.Description: Products made from plastic are thought of as cheap alternatives, but when it comes to connectors, they are sometimes the smarter option. Trevor Lee of LEMO answers the question: When is a plastic ...
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Secure Desktop KVM Switch Update
From: Black BoxDescription: Until recently, the National Information Assurance Partnership (NIAP) used Common Criteria Evaluation & Validation Scheme (CCEVS) to evaluate and approve KVM switches for security. Find out why ...
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Unique Application of Solder Ball Technology on QFP Pads Improves Processing Reliability
Description: IC complexity and higher I/O counts have pushed older technology like Quad Flat Pack packages (QFP) to the limit of finer pin placement. Solder bridging between closely spaced gull wing leads of fine ...
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Magnet Education
Description: Magnet terminology and selection criteria. ...
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Magnet Location & Selection Guide
Description: Magnet location and selection guide ...
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Selecting a Sump Battery Backup
From: SEC America, LLCDescription: While we at SEC America have offered many power converter requirements through the careful selection of off-the shelf unit specifications, we will build to custom mechanical and electrical ...
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The Bead Electronics Swaging Process:From Concept to Reality
From: Bead ElectronicsDescription: Unless you're in the metal fabrication industry, it's likely you aren't very familiar with what we do here at Bead Electronics. A quick glimpse at our website will tell you we develop, manufacture and ...
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The Common Pitfall of a Sump Pump Battery Backup
From: SEC America, LLCDescription: While we at SEC America have offered many power converter requirements through the careful selection of off-the shelf unit specifications, we will build to custom mechanical and electrical ...
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Trailer Electrical Interfaces - Part 1: Interfacing Methods for Vehicles with Incompatible Electrical Standards
From: SEC America, LLCDescription: While we at SEC America have offered many power converter requirements through the careful selection of off-the shelf unit specifications, we will build to custom mechanical and electrical ...
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Trailer Electrical Interfaces - Part 2: Centralized Power Switching Regulators (DC-DC Converters)
From: SEC America, LLCDescription: While we at SEC America have offered many power converter requirements through the careful selection of off-the shelf unit specifications, we will build to custom mechanical and electrical ...
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EMC filters for medical devices
From: Schaffner EMC Inc.Description: Schaffner, the market leader in EMC filters and power quality devices, has consistently extended its proven IEC Inlet family with single- and dual stage IEC inlet filter adapted to the market needs. ...
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How to Diagnose Power Supply Problems
From: Polytron Devices, Inc.Description: Before leaving the plant, power supplies are always subject to performance testing. These tests include line regulation at full load and operating temperature. The problem with these ideal testing ...
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Breaking down the challenges with 347V & 480V for lighting devices.
From: E Craftsmen CorporationDescription: Many commercial & industrial installations receive primary power at 347V (in Canada) or 480V (US), which often exceeds the rated input voltage for most lighting products. It is hazardous to operate a ...
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Current Transformer Overview
Description: A current transformers (CT) is a device that can detect a current through a wire passing through its center. This wire constitutes a one-turn primary for the transformer, and the winding on the CT ...
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Why Planning Enclosure Thermal Management before Prototype Phase Is Critical
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: The ideal time to factor in thermal management of the enclosure is during the initial design stage before equipment is purchased. Here are some considerations to take before the prototype phase. ...
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Resistors FAQ
Description: Some common questions about resistors. ...
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How a Cabinet Cooling Fan Can Cut Project Costs
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: Provided the conditions are right, the lowest cost method of cooling an enclosure is to use filtered fans. The reasons are simple: fans are cheap, cost very little to run, and are capable of moving a ...
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Preventing Vandalism & Theft of Electrical Enclosures & Equipment
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: Vandalism of electrical enclosures is a growing problem. Frequently, the aim of the vandalism is not obvious apart from a desire to cause malicious damage and inconvenience to maintenance personnel. ...
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15 Questions to Ask About Circuit Protection for Wearable Electronics
From: Littelfuse, Inc.Description: Have you attended an electronics or design tradeshow lately? Have you visited a big-box retailer or browsed an online electronics vendor? ...
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The Shocking Truth About Static Discharge Dangers
From: Littelfuse, Inc.Description: As any first-year engineering student can tell you, electrostatic discharge (ESD) is an electrical transient that poses a serious threat to electronic circuits. ...
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MagneGear™ Linear and Rotary Magnetic Gearing Devices for Downhole Applications
Description: Geared devices are a necessity in many types of downhole tools. The primary purpose of gearing is to provide either a speed change or a force change. Limitations in diameter on most downhole tools ...
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Magnet Designs for Magneto-electronic Thin Film Processing
Description: Magnetic fields are pivotal in the manufacture and processing of advanced magneto-electronic thin films. These include giant magnetoresistive (GMR), current perpendicular to plane (CPP) spin valves ...
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Magnetic Design Considerations for Devices and Particles Used for Biological High-Gradient Magnetic Separation (HGMS) Systems
Description: An overview of the magnetic systems used in biological high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) is presented. The magnetic design parameters of a range of separation devices are discussed. Such ...
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Method to Design Magnetrons that Match Preferred Erosion Patterns
Description: A new method for analyzing the erosion profiles produced by rotating magnetrons is presented. The average tangential flux is calculated in rings concentric with the rotation axis and plotted versus ...
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Providing Reliable Power for VoIP Network Wiring Closets
From: Tripp Lite by EatonDescription: VoIP is rapidly becoming the standard for voice communications in business, government, education, government and healthcare. It offers capabilities that far exceed traditional phone systems, with ...
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6 Enclosure Cooling Considerations for Large Electrical Machines
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: A large machine includes any machinery that is physically large, complex, and operates as a standalone machine or integrated into a production line. Examples include cement kilns, paper making ...
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High Airflow, Long Life Fan 92 mm Sq., 38 mm Thick
Description: With the current expansion of the information-communication device market and recyclable energy market, products are required to have even longer life and be more considerate of the environment. At ...
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High Airflow, Long Life, Splash Proof Fans
Description: Across the markets of the world, there are a vast number of customers who use fans. There are many applications for which these fans are used and the required specifications for fan become more and ...
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Technology Supporting Globalization of Fans
Description: Across the markets of the world, there are a vast number of customers who use fans. There are many applications for which these fans are used and the required specifications for fan become more and ...
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The Benefits of Using Digital Power Modules
Description: Digital power modules provide the benefits of both digital power and power modules, and support the growing industry trend toward high-efficiency power conversion. This article explores the benefits ...
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Extend the Life of Your Power Supplies
From: Polytron Devices, Inc.Description: When choosing a power supply for your electronics application, pay close attention to its input voltage range. Sounds obvious, but engineers often forget to consider the possible range of input ...
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Six Applications Where Enclosure Air Conditioners Are Needed for Variable Frequency Drives
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: Thyristors and other solid state devices in variable frequency drives generate a significant amount of heat. These devices are mounted on heat sinks and use a chimney effect to draw cooler air from ...
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The Importance of Selecting an Electrical Enclosure with Cooling Equipment in Mind
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: Winning the battle of electrical enclosure cooling comes down to heat dissipation or scattering that heat away from equipment. Many factors, such as the electrical equipment generating the heat or ...
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Fire Safe Transformers for Groundbreaking Nuclear Fusion Project
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: These days the demand for electricity is ever increasing and one possible solution for the long term supply of electricity is nuclear fusion. Unlike current nuclear power stations, which operate on ...
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GlaxoSmithKline Retrofill with Midel to Reduce Insurance Costs
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: GlaxoSmithKline's factory in Montrose is engaged in the manufacture of primary actives for vaccines and respiratory medicines. GSK have been at the site since 1952 and there have recently been several ...
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High Performance Transformers for Greater Gabbard Wind Farm
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: The Greater Gabbard offshore wind farm is located in the outer Thames estuary in the UK, approximately 14 miles from the coast. It boasts 140 wind turbines in two arrays making it the world's largest ...
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Jordanian Electric Power Company Increase Fire Safety
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: JEPCO operate a large distribution network, based in the capital city of Amman in Jordan and covering around 66% of the population of Jordan. ...
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Large Power from Small Units
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: New Jersey Transit is the third largest provider of bus, rail and light rail services in the USA. It covers an area of 5,235 square miles, linking major locations in New Jersey, New York and ...
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Midel Filled Transformers for Dusty Environments
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: Heathrow airport is one of the world's busiest hubs, serving millions of customers a year. Throughout the airport there are distribution transformers providing power for critical services. Originally ...
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Midel in Transformers Onboard Freight Locomotives
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: MIDEL 7131 has been used for many years in electric freight locomotives, both as the transformer fluid and in some cases as the coolant for the converters. One such use has been by Bombardier ...
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Power Transformer Installed Underground in an Environmentally Sensitive Location
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: In 2002 Vattenfall AB identified a need for a new transformer for their underground hydropower station Stalon, located between Lake Malgomaj and Lake Kultsjön by the Ångermanälven River in northern ...
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Power Transformers for Underground Rock Stations
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: There has been a long history of use of Midel filled power transformers in Sweden, with Vattenfall having installed their first 151kV unit back in 2002. Following the success of Vattenfall's ...
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Retrofilling Transformers Helps to Increase Fire Safety in India
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited, formally known as NDPL, has a large operating network covering the North and North-West areas of Delhi, serving a population of 5,000,000 people. In common with ...
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The History of Rolling Stock Transformers with Midel
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: The electrification of railways is not a new technology; it is something that has been done since the early 20th century. DC supplied at relatively low voltages of 600V to 3kV was initially used as it ...
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Winning at the Eurovision Song Contest
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: When the country of Azerbaijan won the right to host the Eurovision song contest, by winning in 2011, they needed a new arena to hold the event in and started to construct the Baku Crystal Hall, under ...
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Underwater Connectivity
From: LEMO USA, Inc.Description: Published in collaboration by LEMO and Northwire, this white paper represents the first in a series focused on the critical to quality requirements of connector and cable assembly applications in ...
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Improving the Availability and Safety of Traction Power Supply Systems
Description: Special components for the DC feeding systems ensure faultless emergency shutdown and prevent unnecessary disruptions to operation. ...
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Blower Application Basics
Description: Selecting a blower for a particular application first requires knowledge or an estimate of the application's operating point: the flow rate required and the resistance to flow that the system, ...
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A Lesson in Disaster Preparedness
From: Alpha Technologies Ltd.Description: Franklin Telephone is an independent Telephone company that serves approximately 6700 subscribers over 10 exchanges in Southwest Mississippi. Franklin Tel takes pride in providing its customers ...
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Power the ONT: A Comparison of Line Power and Local Power Architectures
From: Alpha Technologies Ltd.Description: Both Local Power and Line Power techniques have roles in today's FTTH networks. The technology choice is depen- dent on many factors including the availability of copper, the cost of maintaining both ...
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Cabinet Cooling System Technologies to Consider when Planning Your Next Project
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: Electrical control equipment is becoming increasingly sophisticated as designers add more features to what used to be relatively simple electro-mechanical control gear. Circuit breakers now have ...
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How an Efficient Cabinet Cooling System Can Reduce Unwanted Electrical Equipment Maintenance Costs
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: When you purchase an electrical enclosure to house your equipment and keep it safe, you're investing in the longevity of all of the electrical components. Electrical equipment can produce substantial ...
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When Is the Ambient Temperature Too Hot to Rely on Air to Air Heat Exchangers for Enclosure Cooling?
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: When you are looking for an efficient method for enclosure cooling, a heat exchanger is a good solution for a few different reasons. Not only is a heat exchanger energy efficient, but it allows you to ...
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The OEM's guide to cooling systems for electrical enclosures
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) rely on suppliers to provide certain parts or systems that are integrated into their product lines and resold under their own brands. Because your brand and ...
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A SIMPLE APPROACH TO SIGNAL VIA STUBS FOR COAXIAL PCB CONNECTOR LAUNCHES
From: MolexDescription: In my work as a Signal Integrity/RF engineer, I have many customers who request assistance in designing their printed circuit board (PCB) launches for coaxial test connectors. (For example, see Molex ...
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Understanding the NEC Hazardous Location Option: Class 1, Div 2, Groups B, C, and D, for Enclosure Cooling Systems
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: When you are working with hazardous materials, it is important to know exactly how the materials and compounds are classified. It can also be incredibly valuable to have equipment that will withstand ...
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Why Metal Filtered Fans Beat Plastic for Electrical Enclosures
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: There are many options to consider for cooling solutions for your electrical enclosure. Depending on the ambient conditions, anything from a closed loop air conditioner to a filtered fan could be ...
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Common Mode Noise
Description: Considerations about common mode noise. ...
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Glossary of Terms
Description: A glossary of power-supply-related terms. ...
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Measurement Techniques
Description: A list of common voltage measurement techniques. ...
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Principles of Power Conversion
Description: Comparison of several different converter designs. ...
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App Note: Green Mode Fairchild Buck Switch FSL336LR
Description: This application note describes a detailed design method and procedure for a buck offline converter. ...
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Applications for Spring Pins with Wire Termination
From: Mill-Max Mfg. Corp.Description: Both 0933-0 and 0962-0 can be used in single position applications and feature a press-fit barb on the spring body for the creation of multi-spring pin interconnect packages. ...
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Spring Loaded Connectors
From: Mill-Max Mfg. Corp.Description: Mill-Max spring-loaded connectors are made up of individual spring-loaded (pogo) contacts assembled into a molded or machined plastic insulator. These are typically used as button type contacts ...
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The Contact Clip, the Heart of the Mill-Max Receptacle
From: Mill-Max Mfg. Corp.Description: The basic component used for making electrical connections in a wide array of electronic equipment is the pin receptacle. The Mill-Max pin receptacle provides a highly reliable, low resistance ...