Semiconductors Reference Materials
Reference Articles 401 - 500 of 1399
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Energy Harvesting Electronics for Piezoelectric Energy Generator
Description: Energy Harvesting taps ambient waste energy through increasingly efficient micro-energy power generators using piezoelectric elements. As circuits such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) that operates ...
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Factory Data: MOSFET Controls Supercapacitor Power Dissipation
Description: Recently revealed independent testing data shows that SAB MOSFET arrays designed into supercapacitor applications of two or more cells can reduce leakage current. By reducing leakage current, the ...
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Low Current MOSFET Balances High Value than 1000 Farads
Description: A MOSFET can have low current and low voltage and still effective balance a wide range of supercapacitors with values beyond 1000F because the supercapacitor current does not flow through the MOSFET. ...
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MOSFET-v. Op Amp Balancing Comparison
Description: By reducing leakage current, SAB MOSFET device balance individual cell voltage with current balancing and cut power dissipation compared to op amp-based voltage balancing ...
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MOSFETs Balance Supercapacitors with Zero Power Burn
Description: The use of supercapacitor series stacks are growing for many systems used in backup power storage or battery life extension. One of the most critical circuit design goals for such systems is ...
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Using ALD Low-Power, Low-Voltage Precision Voltage Clamps
Description: Systems and circuits that are susceptible to damage in over-voltage conditions benefit from voltage clamps to ensure that voltages remain below a critical limit. But because this is a protection ...
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A New Generation of Analog Voltage Comparators
Description: For decades, analog voltage comparators have found a wide range of applications in mixed signal sensor circuits, those used to compare physical measurements that could be translated into corresponding ...
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Energy Harvesting for a Greener Environment
Description: Energy Harvesting (EH) is the process of electronically capturing and accumulating energy from a variety of energy sources deemed wasted or otherwise said to be unusable for any practical purpose. ...
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New Design Concepts in Ultra Low Voltage and Nanopower Circuits with EPAD MOSFET Arrays
Description: This introduction to EPAD MOSFET describes a broad selection of devices with precisely set gate threshold voltage values, including zero threshold mode, enhancement mode and depletion mode. ...
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New PCB Provides Plug & Play Solution for Balancing Supercapacitor Cells
Description: Supercapacitors are a great alternative to batteries in applications needing many rapid charge/discharge cycles and are popular in applications such as short-term energy storage, regenerative ...
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Performance Characteristics of EPAD® Precision Matched Pair MOSFET Array
Description: ALD's Electrically Programmable Analog Device (EPAD) technology provides a family of matched transistors with a range of precision threshold values. All members of this family are designed and ...
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Re-designing Normally-on Load Switches with Zero-power MOSFETs Reduces Power Consumption
Description: As circuit supply voltages decrease and green energy trends grow in popularity, designers should re-examine some of the circuits that continually consume power in an effort to reduce overall system ...
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Tech Tip: The Fundamentals of Supercapacitor Balancing
Description: The average supercapacitor has a maximum charging voltage of between 2.5 and 2.7 V. For many applications a voltage this low isn't particularly useful, so the common practice is to place multiple ...
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Ultra Low Power Crystal Oscillators
Description: Crystal Oscillators are key components used in many electronic circuits, such as in radio frequency applications and digital and microprocessor-based devices. In order to save power, an ultra ...
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Ultra Low Power Oscillators
Description: ALD110900, ALD110804 and ALD114904 devices were utilized as inverters and buffers to create a low power oscillator circuit with various configurations. This article covers three basic oscillator ...
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Voltage Clamp Circuits for Ultra-Low-Voltage Apps
Description: Voltage clamps for protecting low-voltage dc circuits require a new approach to circuit design. Many commonly used voltage clamps were built for systems of 5 V or higher, but lower-voltage systems ...
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Discover 100% Solar-powered IoT Asset Tracker
From: e-peas SADescription: IoT asset trackers have become an indispensable part for many industries. However, tracking assets can become costly if a tracker runs out of battery and stops relaying data. Another challenge is ...
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IoT Energy Harvesting Challenges: e-peas Tackles It Head-on with New PMICs
From: e-peas SADescription: With its new PMIC, e-peas hopes to enable more performant energy harvesting for IoT devices. But to do so, what are the challenges that come with IoT energy harvesting? ...
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Considerations for New Designs
From: MDE Semiconductor, Inc.Description: MDE has many series of TVS semiconductors that can provide the protection needed to keep the systems running when everything else fails. ...
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Means of Protecting Irrigation Controls and Solenoids
From: MDE Semiconductor, Inc.Description: Means of Protecting Irrigation Controls and Solenoids Irrigation Systems are vulnerable to lightning strikes, since they are typically located in very exposed locations. Most irrigation systems, such ...
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Paralleling TVS Diodes for Higher Power Capability
From: MDE Semiconductor, Inc.Description: Paralleling TVS Diodes for Higher Power Capability Silicon Avalanche Transient Voltage Suppressors (TVS's) offer a great deal of flexibility in circuit protection. Fortunately, these devices are ...
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Typical TVS Design Aids
From: MDE Semiconductor, Inc.Description: Leakage current will double for every 10 to 15°C rise in temperature, depending upon the voltage (usually referenced to the ambient temperature). ...
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Motor Control and Conversion Efficiency Vital for Automotive Applications
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: The efficiency of power conversion and motor control applications is an ever-green design specification for an increasing variety of automotive applications. Modern internal combustion-engine vehicles ...
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GaN FETs: Why Cascode?
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: GaN technology and specifically GaN-on-Silicon HEMT technology has become a key focus for power engineers over the last few years. Its promise to provide the high-power performance and high-frequency ...
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Optimizing MOSFETs to Fit Specific Applications
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: For the last decade or so, when it came to power MOSFET advances the primary goals were to push up efficiency and drive down drain-source on resistance. For most applications, choosing a given Figure ...
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SiC Based Totem Pole PFC for Industrial Power Supplies
From: ROHM Semiconductor GmbHDescription: One particular area that is characterised by high energy demands and a need for high efficiency power supplies are data centres. To minimise the cost and the ecological footprint of the higher and ...
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How to Select Silicon TVS Diode Devices
From: MDE Semiconductor, Inc.Description: Voltage and current transients are a major cause of solid-state component failure in electronic systems. These transients are a result of a sudden release of stored energy. Transients may be generated ...
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SPD Design Tips for Fusing Surge Design Elements (TVS or MOV)
From: MDE Semiconductor, Inc.Description: Surge Protectors may use fuses as the means of protecting the product or components within the product. Fuses are also used to limit the current that can affect the device being protected. The purpose ...
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Test Waveform Comparison
From: MDE Semiconductor, Inc.Description: The typical waveforms used are described and shown here. Also, the approximate energy can be determined of each so that waveforms of one Pulse type can be compared to another. It is not always ...
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TVS Protection of Filters
From: MDE Semiconductor, Inc.Description: A filter is a circuit designed to selectively separate or eliminate a frequency or range of frequencies that is desired for the proper operation of a device or system. Filters can be subjected to all ...
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Can a TVS be Used as a Regulator Instead of a Zener Diode?
From: MDE Semiconductor, Inc.Description: But the voltage control is not that precise and the TVS devices are not continuous operating components, their V-I characteristics are usually specified, and their duty cycle must be controlled. The ...
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GaN Solutions: Small Packages for Big Radar Challenges
From: WolfspeedDescription: AESA systems use active arrays, each with hundreds or even thousands of antennas. In many cases, the system is evaluated on the basis of size, weight, power, and cost (SWaP-C). The technology enabling ...
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Datakey Case Study - Mars Drinks
From: DatakeyDescription: Custom-branded Datakey serial memory keys provide a cashless vending option for KLIX coffee vending machines. ...
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Datakey Case Study - St. Jude Medical
From: DatakeyDescription: Sterilizable Datakey memory tokens provide customized calibration solution for balloon catheter. ...
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Datakey Case Study - Stryker Endoscopy
From: DatakeyDescription: A custom-branded Datakey EEPROM memory token is used to positively pair a wireless endoscopic video transmitter and display. ...
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Datakey Case Study - WECO
From: DatakeyDescription: Datakey serial memory tokens upload/clone setup parameters, deliver updated firmware and log usage data for vegetable sorters. ...
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Thermal Considerations for High-Power GaN RF Amplifiers
From: WolfspeedDescription: The reliability of high-power GaN HEMTs, employed in high power amplifiers, is driven by peak temperatures within the base semiconductor technology. As such, the design engineer must carefully ...
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Energy Harvesting Technology Enables Accurate and Continuous Animal Tracking
From: e-peas SADescription: e-peas engineers worked in conjunction with the team at Dutch systems integrator SODAQ on the development and implementation of energy efficient livestock monitoring hardware for Brisbane-based client ...
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Considerations When Designing Crystals Into STM32 Microcontrollers
From: ECS Inc. InternationalDescription: Considerations When Designing Crystals Into STM32 Microcontrollers. This article explains the considerations for implementing kHz crystals with STM32 processors. This indicates how the new STM ...
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What is 802.11, 802.11ax, Wi-Fi 6, and Wi-Fi 6E?
From: ECS Inc. InternationalDescription: The demand for wireless access from users has shifted from a luxury, to a necessity. The need for bandwidth is growing exponentially. This has caused network performance to become critical for ...
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Flat-Panel Phased-Array Antennas: Enabling Scalable & Affordable SATCOM Solutions
From: AnokiwaveDescription: Phased array antennas, or AESAs, are changing the way in which we communicate with SATCOM networks as SATCOM enters a new era. LEO satellite launches are accelerating and GEO satellites continue to ...
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Crystal and Oscillator Printed Circuit Board Design Considerations
From: ECS Inc. InternationalDescription: When laying out your printed circuit board to accept components and give them the best possibility to perform at their best is a complicated task, such as clocking signals and their routing. If we ...
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MOSFET Thermal Resistance and Power Dissipation: Packages Capable of Back-Surface Heat Dissipation
Description: When designing a circuit, thermal calculations are indispensable, and particularly where power devices that handle large amounts of power are concerned, they are extremely important, not only with ...
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Troubleshooting 3: Case When, Due to Surge, VDS2 Rises to Above Secondary-Side MOSFET VDS Voltage
Description: When a surge occurs, the VDS2 of the secondary-side MOSFET may rise to or exceed the rated VDS of the MOSFET as a result. This means that a voltage that exceeds the MOSFET rating is applied, and so ...
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Oscillator Circuit Design
From: ECS Inc. InternationalDescription: An oscillator is an electronic circuit which generates a repetitive signal. This signal can be in many forms depending on the application. Some applications require a basic clock to maintain ...
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Oscillator Output Types
From: ECS Inc. InternationalDescription: The most common questions asked about oscillators are: What is the difference between single-ended and differential outputs, and what applications are they best suited for? Depending on the ...
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GaN FETs Help Push 80 PLUS Titanium Grade
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: Industrial PSUs including datacenters come in all shapes and sizes but one thing they have in common is the need to be efficient, safe and stable. Since its introduction, 80 PLUS certification has ...
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Getting ESD Protection Right for USB4™
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: At the beginning of September last year, the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) announced the publication of the USB4 specification. Offering backward compatibility with USB 3.2, USB 2.0 and Thunderbolt ...
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SEED Delivers OPEN Alliance Compliant ESD Protection
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: The transmission requirements and data payload on automotive networks has and continues to increase significantly. To take the next step we need high-speed, high-bandwidth Automotive Ethernet, and ...
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DFN0606 MOSFETs: Efficiency in the Smallest Packages
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: Getting more from less is the mantra in mobile and portable applications, especially wearables. By using the most efficient switching options available, designers can get more room to embed ...
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LFPAK88: A Very Cool Customer
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: As circuits shrink, thermal performance becomes very important. We compare the LFPAK88's thermal performance with D²PAK and discover the LFPAK88 acquits itself very well. For designers, one of the ...
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Understanding the Basics of Fourier Transforms
Description: I was chatting with my colleague Steve Hanly about his recent post on the Fourier transform and power spectral density, and we thought it might help to go a bit more into the math and guts of the ...
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Learning About Ohm's Law, GPIO and Transistors with Flashing LEDs on Raspberry Pi
Description: Learning About Ohm's Law, GPIO and Transistors with Flashing LEDs on Raspberry Pi ...
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LoRa and LoRaWAN Timing
From: ECS Inc. InternationalDescription: LoRa (Long-Range) is digital wireless data communication IoT technology. LoRa transmits over license-free megahertz radio frequency bands: 169 MHz, 433 MHz (Asia), 868 MHz (Europe) and 915 MHz (North ...
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LoRaWAN Technology
From: ECS Inc. InternationalDescription: LoRaWAN (Long-Range Wide Area Network) is a type of data communication for wide area wireless networks. It is designed to allow long-range data acquisition at a low bit rate between connected sensors ...
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Case Study: Automotive Pressure Transducers
From: Merit Sensor SystemsDescription: A pressure sensor that could take the heat. Our client was in search of a pressure sensor with elevated temperature performance capabilities for an automatic transmission application. They required a ...
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LFPAK88 Takes a Shorter Path to Efficiency
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: By eliminating internal bond wires and reducing source lead length, Nexperia's LFPAK88 minimizes parasitic source inductance created during switching, resulting in greater efficiency. While ...
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Seeking the Perfect Power Switch
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: Choosing a low RDS(on) MOSFET for an efficient low loss power switching application? Don't forget to check there are no hidden compromises. ...
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Wafer Fabrication Processing Technology Explained
Description: The processing of Silicon wafers to produce XMR (AMR / GMR / TMR) sensors involves a good deal of chemistry and physics. ...
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Healing from Injuries Just Got Easier Thanks to These Devices
Description: Most health electronics you've heard of are good at tracking your fitness. You can track your step count with a pedometer. You can also get data on your heart rate. Some devices even give claim to ...
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Operating Principles of Buck Switching Regulator
Description: Whereas in the preceding section we explained that the switching regulator is capable of performing buck (step down), boost (step up), buck/boost (step down and up), and inverting conversions, moving ...
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Power Supply Specifications and Replacement Circuit
Description: The purpose of this design is to use the BM1R001xxF series of secondary-side synchronous rectifying controller ICs to perform synchronous rectification in an AC/DC converter that uses diode ...
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Supplement-Current Paths during Synchronous Rectifying Step-Down Converter Operation
Description: in this article an explanation is given of the current paths during synchronous rectifying step-down converter operation, which may be regarded as standard operation in the high-efficiency DC/DC ...
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Synchronous Rectifying Circuit Section: Selection of Synchronous Rectifying MOSFET
Description: Keeping in mind the "Example of Power Supply Specifications and Replacement Circuit" of the previous article, we begin actual circuit design ...
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Is Today's Accepted MOSFET Figure of Merit Still Relevant?
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: We are all accustomed to looking at the Figure of Merit for MOSFETs as a product of RDS(on) and Qg. However, with gate drivers now capable of efficiently meeting large Qg requirements and faster ...
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Why Trench Schottky Rectifiers are the Preferred Choice
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: When it comes to any system, to achieve the most efficient design we try to utilize the most ideal solution possible. Compared to their planar counterparts, Trench Schottky rectifiers take us much ...
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Embedded Systems Design Guide for Removable USB Flash Drives
From: DatakeyDescription: Implementing an embedded system with a removable USB flash drive can be a difficult task. Knowing the key concepts and considerations beforehand can make the job much easier. ...
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How to Choose Portable Memory for Embedded Systems
From: DatakeyDescription: While most embedded system components are sourced from OEM-focused manufacturers, portable memory devices are a gray area. The high-volume consumer electronics market - estimated at $200 billion ...
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Removable Memory Key to Successful OTA Firmware Updates
From: DatakeyDescription: A well-known principle of embedded products states that the more complex a device firmware is, the higher the probability that it will need to be replaced in the field. More code means more bugs. More ...
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Wireless Coexistence: Pairing Wireless Medical Devices
From: DatakeyDescription: From smart thermostats to Wi-Fi enabled dishwashers, smart, connected devices are all around us. These technologies present original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) with a variety of challenges which ...
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Design Consideration: Cycle Life of Connectors
From: DatakeyDescription: If you have an embedded design project in your future, be sure to consider connector cycle life. How long it will take to reach the rated cycle life of the various connectors used, and what is the ...
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Not All SD Cards Are Created Equal
From: DatakeyDescription: How can embedded system manufacturers make sure their users don't use unsupported or counterfeit SD cards? ...
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Portable Memory in IoT Applications
From: DatakeyDescription: Removable memory can be used with IoT or cloud-connected devices to provide ID or location information ...
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RUGGEDrive Torture Test Video
From: DatakeyDescription: Who doesn't love a good product torture test video? Watch what happens when a 120,000-pound tank runs over a USB flash drive, an SD card and a Datakey RUGGEDrive ...
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Security Risks of USB Ports on Embedded Devices
From: DatakeyDescription: A recent BBC article explained how USB devices can be used for malicious purposes without the user opening an infected file on a USB flash drive. ...
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Thwarting Elbonians with Proprietary Memory Devices
From: DatakeyDescription: a simple physical-layer security feature can be sufficient to prevent access by those who lack the knowledge or motivation to circumvent it. ...
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World's Toughest SD Card
From: DatakeyDescription: Are there SD cards that are physically more robust than others, when they all use the same form factor? The video in this blog post shows destructive testing of SD cards. ...
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You Just Bricked Hundreds of Devices. Now What?
From: DatakeyDescription: An over-the-air (OTA) update just bricked hundreds of remote devices. Now what? ...
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Combination or Configurable Logic: When to Use Which and How?
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: Combination and configurable logic devices provide the flexibility to implement various logic functions with a reduced pin count. Combination and configurable logic can also lower system cost, ...
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How it Works - Micropulse
From: RDP ElectrosenseDescription: Explanation and details of how a micropulse works in a transducer ...
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Turning up the Heat on Reliability and Reduce the Chances of a Thermal Failure with Diodes, Bipolar Transistors and MOSFETs that are Specified Up to 175°C
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: Reducing the chances of a thermal failure. Nexperia offers a wide and growing range of diodes, bipolar transistors and MOSFETs that have a junction temperature specified up to 175 °C Some things never ...
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Surge Protection Device Sizing for Industrial Control Panel Design
From: Littelfuse, Inc.Description: Panel design is an art. A well-designed panel strikes a balance of form, function, and cost. Find out more by downloading our application guide. ...
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Active Photonics Alignment Demos
Description: The new area of silicon photonics is being driven by us. We walk around with supercomputers in our pockets. We consume streaming media. We participate in social networks. We benefit from personalized ...
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Detecting Manufacturing Defects on Semiconductor Wafers Using a Digital Microscope
From: Evident ScientificDescription: Semiconductors are essential components in many electronic devices. Semiconductor manufacturing can be broken down into two processes-circuit formation and packaging. Circuit formation begins with ...
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Enabling The Latest In Industrial Digital Signage
From: WINSYSTEMS, INC.Description: The age of digital signage is upon us. Just driving down the highway shows examples of billboards that rotate their messages as we pass. In many scenarios, signage that can recognize what’s ...
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Noise Source Series Delivers High Outputs to 18 GHz
From: PasternackDescription: Noise sources have long served as practical test tools for evaluating different aspects of communications systems. In fact, additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) sources helped establish many early ...
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Ready for IPv6
From: Critical Link, LLCDescription: In case you missed the news, the North American well has finally run dry on IP (IPv4 - 32 bit) addresses. What's been happening for the past few years in Asia, Europe, and Latin America - i.e., the ...
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Big news on the semi-conductor front
From: Critical Link, LLCDescription: There's been so much change in the semiconductor world these days, it's hard to keep up with it all. Last week, it was the Avago-Broadcom deal. This week, with the agreement that Intel will acquire ...
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Control System Basics - PNP vs. NPN Logic
From: Sealevel Systems, Inc.Description: In the third installment of this five-part series, Jon Titus explores the basic elements of a control system. In the first two installments, Jon covered relays and sink vs. source control. ...
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Moore's Law Turns 50
From: Critical Link, LLCDescription: Moore's Law is based on an observation that Gordon Moore, who co-founded Intel, made that year in which he stated that, looking back over the hardware history, the number of transistors in an ...
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Trends Impacting the Semiconductor Industry in the Next Three Years
Description: Arguably, at no point in the history of electronics has so much change happened all at once than right now. Digital transformation, the proliferation of technologies enabling the smart city and smart ...
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Processing Primer
From: Critical Link, LLCDescription: In a website section called Getting Started with TI Processors, TI has a good general overview piece, Getting to Know Processor Architectures. This is at a pretty high level, but it's solid, and helps ...
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The passing of Ray Dolby
From: Critical Link, LLCDescription: Don't know if you saw the news, but Ray Dolby, the electrical engineer who brought us surround sound, died a few weeks back. ...
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Industrial HMI in a Package
Description: The RZ/A Software Package Simplifies and Accelerates Camera-GUI-Display Implementations for Human Machine Interfaces. ...
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Eliminating Power Supply Design Complexity with 'Simple Digital' Modules
Description: Step-down (buck) regulators are used industrywide to convert power from a distributed bus to the individual point-of-loads (POLs) in industrial and infrastructure systems. These buck converters need ...
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Achieve up to 99% Efficiency in a Robust Battery Backup System Using a True Bidirectional Buck-Boost Controller
Description: A true bidirectional buck-boost approach for DC power backup applications provides utmost efficiency and improves overall system reliability. This approach is also ideal for optimizing battery health ...
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Quick & Easy Cellular IoT Application Development
Description: Integrating cellular for IoT represents a challenge for developers. Learn about the evolution of cellular for IoT and how to rapidly evaluate emerging cellular technologies and develop embedded IoT ...
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Eutectic Die-Attach of GaN and GaAs MMICs
From: SemiGenDescription: The latest GaN and GaAs circuit chips (die) are providing higher power levels than previous solid-state technologies. These new-generation devices require incredible precision and consistency ...
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Wireless Charging Eliminates the Cable Mazes in Your Home
From: Infineon Technologies AGDescription: End-to-end solutions with key components from Infineon - MOSFETs, driver ICs, voltage regulators and microcontroller units with software ...
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Cree's Wolfspeed Technology Moves Electric Vehicle Market to the Fast Lane with Newest 1,200 V SiC MOSFET
From: WolfspeedDescription: Wolfspeed, A Cree Company, announced a performance breakthrough in the ability to power the drivetrain of electric vehicles (EVs) using its new third generation 1,200 V SiC MOSFET family. This ...