Airborne Doppler Radar: Applications, Theory, and Philosophy

Chapter 7: General Antenna Pattern

The case of a thin antenna pattern pointed in the direction of travel was analyzed in the last chapter. Because the antenna was considered thin and pointed in the direction of travel, the ground geometry was just one dimensional. As a result, the thin antenna pattern greatly simplified our analysis because the reflection from each particle as it travels through the beam has the same phase modulation due to its changing path length to the antenna and the same amplitude modulation due to the antenna pattern. This enabled us to determine effective analysis techniques and to obtain a great deal of insight concerning the spectrum of the echo. In this chapter, we analyze the general case in which the antenna is not necessarily thin or directed in the direction of travel. Thus the amplitude modulation and phase modulation of the reflection from different particles will be different. The ground geometry in our general case thus is two dimensional so that the equations we ll obtain are more complex. However, we shall follow the analysis techniques we used in Chapter 6 for the simpler one-dimensional case as a guide for our analysis of the general case. We then shall interpret our results concerning the spectrum of the echo using, as a guide, the insight obtained in our analysis of the case for a thin antenna pattern. Our development thus will parallel that used in the last chapter.

I. The Echo, e r(t)

For our analysis, consider the schematic shown in Fig.

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