TABLE OF CONTENTS The examples and case studies described in Section 7.7 do not reflect the stochastic nature of all factors affecting the behaviour of embedded generation, and the models must be extended. These are described in this and the following sections, and are based on the techniques described in References 35 37, where more details are provided.
As discussed in Section 7.5.2, energy sources can be classified into one of two types. The most difficult to deal with are those having an output dependent on unpredictable external energy sources such as wind and sun. The others can generally be modelled using conventional approaches. Therefore this chapter concentrates on the modelling requirements of these more complex and intermittent energy sources. It also considers specifically the case of wind energy sources because of their present popularity. However, the concepts are equally applicable to other intermittent energy sources such as solar since, in principle, a phrase associated with wind energy has an equivalent for other forms, e.g. wind turbine and solar panels, wind farm and solar plants, wind speed and solar radiation, etc.
Consequently this chapter concentrates on describing models for reliability studies that can take into account the stochastic nature of wind (and other sources), the failure and repair processes of the wind turbines, their output curves, wind speed spatial correlation and wake effects using reliability analysis based on analytical techniques. This model can be easily integrated with available models of the distribution network and can...
