E

ECL

Emitter coupled logic, a design style of transistor circuits used in computers and characterized by fast operation and high heat dissipation.

encoding

In telephony, the practice of encoding analog voice samples into digital data. This is typically done by picking 255 voltage levels, assigning each an 8-bit binary number. The voltage level of the samples is compared with the 255 voltage levels and the nearest level is chosen. The 8-bit number for that voltage level is then sent.

error detection

The process of performing a mathematical operation upon the data sent and sending the results of that operation along with the data. The receiving station performs the same operation and compares its result with that sent. The operation may be a simple indication of whether the number of 1s in some part of the message is even or odd; the operation may also be much more complicated.

Ethernet

A CSMA/CD system, utilizing coaxial cable, developed at Xerox Corporation?s Palo Alto Research Center. This system is described in an article by R. M. Metcalfe and D. R. Boggs in the Communications of the ACM, July 1976. The initial systems ran at 3 MHz; the system commercialized by Xerox, Intel, and Digital Equipment runs at 10 MHz. Newer systems run at 100 MHz.

exponential backoff

In CSMA/CD , the practice of waiting a random period of time after each collision encountered, and increasing the mean of the random numbers used by a factor of 2 after each successive collision encountered.

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