Membrane Separations Technology: Single-Stage, Multistage, and Differential Permeation
By E. J. Hoffman

List of Figures

Chapter 1: Introduction

Figure 1.1: Schematic sections of membrane materials. (Source: Leeper et al.)
Figure 1.2: Plate-and-frame module. (Source: Leeper et al.
Figure 1.3: Spiral-wound membrane. (Source: Bravo et al.
Figure 1.4: Hollow-fiber membranes.(Source: Bravo et al. and Leeper et al.)
Figure 1.5: Applications of membrane systems.(Source: Prism Gas Separation Systems, Monsanto Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO; Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, PA.) Gaseous components and systems include argon, helium, hydrogen, carbon monoxide/syngas, nitrogen, oxygen, CO 2-removal, H 2S-removal, dehydration. Capacity for nitrogen recovery is up to 35,000 SCF/hr for 97% purity, and about one-tenth of this for 99 + % purity
Figure 1.6: Taper configuration. (Source: Hoffman and Hoffman, Venkataraman, and Cox.)
Figure 1.7: Cascade. (Source: Hoffman and Hoffman et al.)
Figure 1.8: Point withdrawal of permeate. (Source: Bravo et al.)
Figure 1.9: Concurrent flow permeation. (Source: Bravo et al.)
Figure 1.10: Countercurrent flow permeation. (Source: Bravo et al.)
Figure 1.11: Asymmetric permeator configuration. (Source: Bravo et al.)
Figure 1.12: Countercurrent permeation with recycle., (Source: K. K. Sirkar, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology.)
Figure 1.13: Continuous membrane column with reflux from both product streams. (Source: Leeper et al.)
Figure 1.14: Continuous membrane column with reflux from the permeate product.(Source: Bravo et al.)
Figure 1.15: Staged permeation cascade with rectification and stripping sections. The individual membrane modules may be operated concurrently or countercurrently or perfect mixing may be assumed to occur.(Source: Bravo et al.)
Figure 1.16: Map of subquality natural...
Copyright Elsevier Science 2003 under license agreement with Books24x7
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