8.1 Introduction

Although the two-factor model is the most common gauge R&R design, more complex ANOVA designs are needed to properly model some measurement systems. In this chapter we present general strategies for constructing confidence intervals in any ANOVA design. These strategies have been used throughout the book, and we now describe them in more general notation. We begin with balanced random models, and then we describe adjustments for unbalanced and mixed models. We demonstrate how to apply these strategies with three different ANOVA designs.