TABLE OF CONTENTS The individual crystallites in a material may be randomly oriented or aligned in a particular preferred crystallographic orientation. The sum of the crystallographic orientations of the crystallites within a polycrystalline aggregate is known as the texture of the material (Humphreys and Hatherly 2004). A texture may develop by processes such as electrodeposition, casting, rolling, forging, extrusion, wire drawing and annealing. The particular type and strength of the texture is governed both by the material (crystal structure, phase distribution, purity etc.) as well as the processing route. Since many aspects of the book are concerned with texture development in metals after strip casting and further processing such as rolling, forming or heat treatment, this appendix provides information required to understand and interpret textures. Further details of textures in materials may be found in Hatherly and Hutchinson (1979), Bunge (1982), Randle and Engler (2000) and Humphreys and Hatherly (2004).
The texture of a material can be measured by a range of techniques (Randle and Engler 2000; Humphreys and Hatherly 2004). Macro-methods include X-ray and neutron diffraction and micro-methods include electron diffraction in either the scanning (SEM) or transmission electron microscope (TEM) using the techniques of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and TEM microdiffraction. The commonly used X-ray technique usually involves back reflection to generate a pole figure with the mathematical combination of several pole figures required for more detailed texture information. A limitation of the technique is the small volume of material examined due to the...
