The net assessment in Chapter Two took us a step further in understanding sectors that might benefit from use of technology applications that might be technically feasible and ready for use in the year 2020. In this chapter, we will take our analysis a step further to examine what might determine implementation of these TAs, by different countries and across a number of problems and issues. Nations have different priorities. The resources they can command to implement TAs also differ.

This chapter has five major sections. The first begins with a reporting of regional variation of technology application and implementation based on input from technology and regional and country experts. This section is followed by three sections that together lay out our approach to understanding the adoption and use of TAs by individual countries. These sections, respectively, describe drivers and barriers to technology adoption and use, discuss eight major problems and issues and the TAs relevant to addressing them, and report our assessment of country capacity to acquire TAs, taking into consideration the influence of drivers and barriers. The final section of this chapter examines the capacity of these countries to implement TAs to address each of the eight problems and issues.