1.1 Introduction

Charles Darwinian evolution in 1859 is intrinsically a so bust search and optimization mechanism. Darwin's principle "Survival of the fittest" captured the popular imagination. This principle can be used as a starting point in introducing evolutionary computation. Evolved biota demonstrates optimized complex behavior at each level: the cell, the organ, the individual and the population. Biological species have solved the problems of chaos, chance, nonlinear interactivities and temporality. These problems proved to be in equivalence with the classic methods of optimization. The evolutionary concept can be applied to problems where heuristic solutions are not present or which leads to unsatisfactory results. As a result, evolutionary algorithms are of recent interest, particularly for practical problems solving.

The theory of natural selection proposes that the plants and animals that exist today are the result of millions of years of adaptation to the demands of the environment. At any given time, a number of different organisms may co-exist and compete for the same resources in an ecosystem. The organisms that are most capable of acquiring resources and successfully procreating are the ones whose descendants will tend to be numerous in the future. Organisms that are less capable, for whatever reason, will tend to have few or no descendants in the future. The former are said to be more fit than the latter, and the distinguishing characteristics that caused the former to be fit are said to be selected for over the characteristics of the latter. Over time, the entire...