Flat Panel Displays Specifications

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Type

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	Electroluminescent Display		Electroluminescent displays (ELDs) sandwich a thin phosphorescent film between two plates. One plate is coated with vertical wires. The other is coated with horizontal wires. Together, the plates form a grid. When an electrical current is passed through horizontal and vertical wires, the phosphorescent film at the intersection glows, creating a point of light or pixel. ELDs are emissive devices that do not shutter the light source like liquid crystal displays (LCD). They are best-suited for applications which require high visibility for all-light conditions.
	LCD Display		Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) sandwich a liquid-crystal solution between two sheets of polarizing material. Passing an electric current through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them. In this way, each crystal acts as a shutter, either allowing or blocking the passage of light.
	LED Display		Arrays of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are used in high-resolution displays. LEDs are PN junction devices that emit light radiation when biased in the forward direction.
	OLED Display		Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are a special type of LED that uses organic compounds in the emissive layer.
	Plasma Display		In a plasma display, a gas fills the spaces between two glass sheets that are lined up in parallel and separated by a gap just 100 to 200 microns wide. Ultraviolet (UV) light is generated by discharging the gas and using electrodes. Red, green, and blue fluorescent substances absorb these UV discharges and then re-radiate the energy as visible light, producing the colors that appear on the screen.
	Other Display Type		Other unlisted, specialized or proprietary display types.
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Video Format

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	PAL		Phase Alternate Line, the European 625-line, 25-frame per second color-television standard. A modification of NTSC system used with the CCIR video norm.  The phase of the color carrier is 180° shifted every image line, making the PAL system not as sensitive to color signal phase distortion. It provides somewhat lower vertical resolution than the NTSC system and requires complex processing equipment.
	NTSC		The National Television System Committee 525-line color-television standard used in North America and Japan. Approximately 480 lines hold image information and the remaining lines contain synchronization, time delay, and other encoded information such as closed caption text.  The standard frame rate is 30 frames per second.
	SECAM		Sequential Color and Memory, translated from the French Sequential Couleur Aver Memoire.  SECAM is a composite color transmission system in which two color difference signals are transmitted on two separate lines. Memory is required to obtain both color difference signals for color decoding. This system is used in France and many East European, African and Asian countries.
	RS-170		RS-170 is the standard black and white video format used in the United States (525 lines, 30 frames per second).  It was originally defined by the EIA (Electronic Industry Association) standards organization for use in North America, Japan, and a few other parts of the world. The EIA standard defines only the monochrome picture component but is mainly used with NTSC or PAL color encoding standards.
	RS-330		A standard recommended by EIA for signals generated by closed-circuit TV cameras scanned at 525 lines, 60 frames per second and interlaced 2:1. The standard is similar to RS-170, but H-sync pulses are absent during V-sync. Equalizing pulses are not required and may be added optionally during the V-blanking interval.
	CCIR		CCIR (Comité Consultatif International des Radio Communications, or International Radio Consultative Committee) is an international committee that sets and governs video signal standards.  Merged with the ITU and became the ITU-R radio communications division.
	Other Video Format		Any unlisted video format.
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Features

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	Picture in Picture		Two images, typically one inside the other.
	Audio Capabilities		Audio signal inputs and/or outputs.
	EMI/RFI Shielding		Displays are shielded from electromagnetic interference (EMI) and/or radio frequency interference (RFI).
	Ruggedized Housing		Displays are suitable for applications in extreme environments.
	Zoom Capabilities		Recorded image can be zoomed in on, panned, or otherwise manipulated.
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Monitor Size

	Diagonal Screen Size		If the screen size is given as only one number, then this is the screen diagonal. This measurement is the distance from the top-left corner to the bottom-right corner, or the top-right corner to the bottom-left corner.
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	Screen Width		The width of the screen.
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LCD Matrix Type

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	AMLCD		Active matrix LCDs (AMLCDs) use metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diodes or thin-film transistors (TFT) at each pixel to control the pixel’s on/off state. To fabricate an AMLCD, the front transparent electrode is deposited over the entire glass surface and serves as a ground electrode. The rear glass is deposited with a matrix of transistors (at least one per pixel for monochrome and at least three per pixel for RGBr) and metal interconnect lines. Even with redundant transistors at each pixel, some pixels fail to operate, resulting in quality assurance problems that have restricted economical, high-volume AMLCDs to an 8" - 10" range.
	PMLCD		Passive matrix LCDs (PMLCDs) are the most common flat panel display. PMLCDs have closely-spaced, transparent, horizontal metal electrodes on one glass-plate, and vertical electrodes on the other plate. Voltages on these row and column electrodes combine at a cross point to turn-on the pixel at that point.
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LCD Technology

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	ChLCD		Cholesteric liquid crystals (ChLCDs) use the pitch of the liquid crystals to reflect light of desired wavelengths.
	CSTN		Color super-twist nematic (CSTN) video technology is found in portable, laptop and handheld devices. CSTN is similar to LCD technology.
	DSTN		Double layer super-twist nematic (DSTN) video display technology is used in laptop, portable and handheld devices. DSTN is a passive-matrix LCD technology that uses two display layers to counteract the color-shifting that occurs with conventional super-twist displays.
	MVA		Multi-domain vertical alignment (MVA) displays have fast response times, wide viewing angles, and a high contrast ratio; however, they suffer from diminished brightness and color reproduction.
	PVA		Patterned vertical alignment (PVA) displays have fast response times, wide viewing angles, and a very high contrast ratio; however, they suffer from diminished brightness and color reproduction.
	S-IPS		Super in-plane switching (S-IPS) provides better viewing angles and color then other technologies. S-IPS displays are used widely in larger panels.
	TFT		Thin-film transistor (TFT) or active-matrix displays produce color images that are as sharp as traditional CRT displays. TFTs are fabricated in a manner similar to integrated circuits (ICs). Much of the manufacturing equipment, materials, and accumulated knowledge about silicon is applicable to the TFT fabrication process.
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Color

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	Black and White		Image is presented in black, white, and grayscale.
	Color		Image is in color.  Range of colors is generated with varying combinations of different discrete colors.  One common technique is sensing the red, green, and blue components (RGB) and combining them to create a wide spectrum of colors.
	Monochrome		Image is monochrome (one color or variations in the shade of one color).
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Input Types

	Number of Video Inputs		Number of video inputs the display has.
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	Number of Simultaneous Pictures Displayed		The number of pictures that can be simultaneously shown on a single monitor.
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	Input Types
	Your choices are...
	Component		Component video format uses three signals in which Y, R-Y, and B-Y are transmitted via separate cables.
	Composite		Composite output format contains the red, green and blue components of the color (C) encoded or compressed, then superimposed on the luminance (Y) on a single signal. The RGB signals are decoded and reconstructed for image display, but the bandwidth limiting of the signal compression limits the subsequent color faithfulness.
	DVI		Digital visual interface (DVI) is an uncompressed digital video signal in which the information for each pixel is carried as binary data.
	HDMI		High-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) is an uncompressed all-digital video signal which can transmit standard to high-definition video and audio.
	RGB		RGB is a type of component video output in which red, green, and blue (RGB) image components are transmitted as separate signals over three separate wires, allowing for full bandwidth for each component. Different synchronization methods are available for RGB.
	Serial Interface		Serial interfaces transmit 1 bit of data at a time. Examples include RS232, RS422, and RS485.
	S-Video		S-Video or Y/C output contains two separate signals, luminance (Y) and color (C), which are transmitted on two separate cables. The C color component is modulated on the same 3.58 MHz subcarrier as for NTSC outputs, but the bandwidth is not limited as with composite outputs.
	USB		Universal serial bus (USB) is the standard, serial bus for low-to-medium speed peripheral device connections to personal computers (PCs), including keyboards, mice, modems, printers, joysticks, audio functions, monitor controls, etc.
	VGA		HD15 connectors carry analog video as RGBHV: red, green, blue, horizontal sync, and vertical sync. This is standard on most computers.
	Other Input Types		Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary external connections.
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Resolution

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	QVGA (320 x 240)		The aspect ratio for this resolution is 4:3.
	CGA (320 x 200)		The aspect ratio for this resolution is 8:5.
	VGA (640 x 480)		The aspect ratio for this resolution is 4:3.
	SVGA (800 x 600)		The aspect ratio for this resolution is 4:3.
	XGA (1024 x 768)		The aspect ratio for this resolution is 4:3.
	WXGA (1280 x 768)		The aspect ratio for this resolution is 5:3.
	SXGA (1280 x 1024)		The aspect ratio for this resolution is 5:4.
	SXGA+ (1400 x 1050)		The aspect ratio for this resolution is 4:3.
	WSXGA+ (1680 x 1050)		The aspect ratio for this resolution is 8:5.
	UXGA (1600 x 1200)		The aspect ratio for this resolution is 4:3.
	WUXGA (1920 x 1200)		The aspect ratio for this resolution is 8:5.
	480i		This is an interlaced resolution. The aspect ratio for this resolution is 3:2.
	720 x 480 (480p)		The aspect ratio for this resolution is 3:2.
	576i		This is an interlaced resolution. The aspect ratio for this resolution is 4:3.
	768 x 576 (576p)		The aspect ratio for this resolution is 4:3.
	1280 x 720 (720p)		The aspect ratio for this resolution is 16:9.
	1080i		This is an interlaced resolution. The aspect ratio for this resolution is 16:9.
	1920 x 1080 (1080p)		The aspect ratio for this resolution is 16:9.
	Other Screen Resolution		Any unlisted resolution.
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Performance

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	Uses AC Voltage		Display uses AC input voltage.
	Uses DC Voltage		Display uses DC input voltage.
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	Voltage Rating		Voltage rating for the display.
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	Horizontal Viewing Angle		Horizontal viewing angle is the angle, in degrees, between a line normal to the display's surface and the user's horizontal axis.
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	Vertical Viewing Angle		Vertical viewing angle is the angle, in degrees, between a line normal to the display's surface and the user's vertical axis.
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	Environmental Temperature		This is the full-required range of ambient operating temperature.
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Mounting

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	Chassis Mount		Chassis-mount displays feature a simple frame, an open frame, or a frameless design with mounting holes for installation with captive hardware. The monitor is attached to, or within, the supporting frame of a structure (chassis), exclusive of the body or housing. Some chassis varieties are mounted within a rack.
	Pole Mount		Pole mounts are used to mount swing arms or pivots to provide viewing from different angles.
	Panel Mount		The display is designed to be mounted in a panel cutout.
	Rack Mount		The display mounts directly into a rack and is equipped with the necessary rail guides, flanges, or tabs for this mounting style. The standard 19" rack is typical of this style.
	Stand Alone/Desktop		Devices are tabletop, desktop, or stand-alone displays. Many stand-alone displays have a pedestal base.
	VESA Mount		Flat panel displays that use Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) mounting standards have four mounting holes on the back of the display. These holes correspond to mounting arms and other mounting systems.
	Wall Mount		Wall-mount displays are equipped with hardware which allows the end-user to attach the unit directly to a wall.
	Yoke Mount		The display has a yoke arm which prevents the device from sliding forward or backward when mounted on a wall or ceiling.
	Other Mounting Type		Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary mounting option.
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