TABLE OF CONTENTS Although liquids particularly can be transported by operators carrying buckets, the usual mode of transport of fluids is through pipelines with pumps, blowers, compressors, or ejectors. Those categories of equipment will be considered in this chapter. A few statements will be made at the start about piping, fittings, and valves, although for the most part this is information best gleaned from manufacturers' catalogs. Special problems such as mechanical flexibility of piping at elevated temperatures are beyond the scope here, and special problems associated with sizing of piping for thermosyphon reboilers and the suction side of pumps for handling volatile liquids are deferred to elsewhere in this book.
Standard pipe is made in a discrete number of sizes that are designated by nominal diameters in inches, as "inches IPS (iron pipe size)." Table A5 in Appendix A lists some of these sizes with dimensions in inches. Depending on the size, up to 14 different wall thicknesses are made with the same outside diameter. They are identified by schedule numbers, of which the most common is Schedule 40. Approximately,
where
| P = | internal pressure, psig |
| S = | allowable working stress in psi. |
Tubing for heat exchangers, refrigeration, and general service is made with outside diameters measured in increments of 1/16 or 1/8 in. Standard size pipe is made of various metals, ceramics, glass, and plastics.
Dimensional standards, materials of construction, and pressure ratings of piping for chemical plants...
