Engineering Surveying, Sixth Edition

With many worked examples and illustrations of tools and techniques, this important text gives readers a clear understanding of fundamentals such as vertical control, distance, angles and position.
A curve transitional throughout (Figure 10.30) comprises two transitions meeting at a common tangent point t.
| (10.32) | |
where X and Y are obtained from equations (10.23) and (10.24) and ? = ?/2 = L/2R.
| (10.33) | |