Power Quality in Power Systems and Electrical Machines

CHAPTER 8: SOLUTIONS

CHAPTER 8: SOLUTIONS

8.1.1 Application Example 8.1: Calculation of Reliability Indices:

Q:

In this example, July has been chosen because in Colorado there are short-circuit faults, demand overload, line switching, capacitor switching, and lightning strikes as indicated in Table E8.1.1. The total number of customers is N T = 40000.

Table E8.1.1: Interruptions and Transients during July 2006

Number of interruptions or transients

Interruption or transient duration

Voltage (% of rated value)

Total number of customers affected

Cause of interruption or transient

4

4.5 h

0

1,000

Overload

6

3 h

0

1,500

Repair

25

1 min

90

2,000

Switching transients

30

1 s

130

3,000

Capacitor switching

50

0.1 s

40

15,000

Short-circuits

55

0.1 s

150

4,000

Lightning

70

0.01 s

50

3,000

Short-circuits

Answers

Q:

Solution

The reliability indices are

SAIDI = (sum of the number of customer interruption durations)/(total number of affected customers) = 0.003 h/customer, where interruptions with 0 V are taken into account,

SAIFI = (sum of the number of customer interruptions)/(total number of affected customers) = 0.004 interruptions/customer, where interruptions with 0 V are taken into account,


where SARFI %V is the number of specified short-duration rms variations per system customer (60 s aggregation). The notation %V ...

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