TABLE OF CONTENTS This chapter will introduce you to the concepts of fluid velocity and flow and its relation to pressure and viscosity. The chapter will help you understand the units used in flow measurement and become familiar with the most commonly used flow standards.
This chapter covers the following topics:
Reynolds number and its application to flow patterns
Formulas used in flow measurements
Bernoulli equation and its applications
Difference between flow rate and total flow
Pressure losses and their effects on flow
Flow measurements using differential pressure measuring devices and their characteristics
Open channel flow and its measurement
Considerations in the use of flow instrumentation
This chapter discusses the basic terms and formulas used in flow measurements and instrumentation. The measurement of fluid flow is very important in industrial applications. Optimum performance of some equipment and operations require specific flow rates. The cost of many liquids and gases are based on the measured flow through a pipeline making it necessary to accurately measure and control the rate of flow for accounting purposes.
This chapter will be using terms and definitions from previous chapters as well as introducing a number of new definitions related to flow and flow rate sensing.
Velocity is a measure of speed and direction of an object. When related to fluids it is the rate of flow of fluid particles in a pipe. The speed of particles in a fluid flow varies across the flow, i.e., where the fluid is in...
