Chapter 7: EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED SETTLEMENT

The following notation is used in this chapter:

SYMBOL		DEFINITION
		Maximum horizontal acceleration at ground surface (also known as peak ground acceleration)
CSR		Cyclic stress ratio
D _r		Relative density
E _m		Hammer efficiency
F		Lateral force reacting to earthquake-induced base shear
FS, FS _L		Factor of safety against liquefaction
g		Acceleration of gravity
G _eff		Effective shear modulus at induced strain level
G _max		Shear modulus at a low strain level
H		Initial thickness of soil layer
H ₁		Thickness of surface layer that does not liquefy
H ₂		Thickness of soil layer that will liquefy during earthquake
? H		Change in height of soil layer
k ₀		Coefficient of earth pressure at rest
N _corr		Value added to ( N ₁) ₆₀to account for fines in soil
N		Uncorrected SPT blow count (blows per foot)
N ₁		Japanese standard penetration test value for Fig. 7.1 FIGURE 7.1: Chart for estimating the ground surface settlement of clean sand as a function of the factor of safety against liquefaction FS _L . To use this figure, one of the following properties must be determined: relative density D _r of the in situ soil, maximum shear strain to be induced by the design earthquake ? _max, corrected cone penetration resistance q _c ₁(kg/cm ²), or Japanese standard penetration test N ₁value. For practical purposes, assume...

Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Handbook