TABLE OF CONTENTS Part 3 of the book (Chaps. 12 and 13) discusses the various methods that can be used to mitigate the effects of the earthquake on the structure. The next two chapters deal with site mitigation methods such as grading and soil improvement (Chap. 12) and foundation alternatives to resist the earthquake effects (Chap. 13).
The mitigation of slope hazards has already been discussed in Sec. 9.7.2. Options include avoiding the slope failure, protecting the site from the failure mass, and reducing the risk to an acceptable level by increasing the factor of safety of the slope. For slope hazards dealing with liquefaction-induced flow slides and lateral spreading, Seed (1987) states:
It is suggested that, at the present time, the must prudent method of minimizing the hazards associated with liquefaction-induced sliding and deformations is to plan new construction or devise remedial measures in such a way that either high pore water pressures cannot build up in the potentially liquefiable soil, and thus liquefaction cannot be triggered, or, alternatively, to confine the liquefiable soils by means of stable zones so that no significant deformations can occur; by this means, the difficult problems associated with evaluating the consequences of liquefaction (sliding or deformations) are avoided.
Types of stable zones that can be used to confine the liquefiable soils include robust edge containment structures and shear keys (i.e., compacted soil zones). Examples of robust edge containment...
