TABLE OF CONTENTS There are eight major categories of capital costs for land treatment systems:
Transmission
Pumping
Preapplication treatment
Storage
Field preparation
Distribution
Recovery
Land
In addition, there are costs associated with monitoring, administration buildings, roads, and service and interest factors. There also may be costs for fencing, relocation of residents, and purchase of water rights. Depending on the site management, SR and OF systems may have costs associated with crop planting, cultivating, and harvesting.
Operation and maintenance (O&M) costs are associated with all of the eight categories of capital costs except for land purchase and field preparation. These O&M costs can be divided into categories of labor, power, and materials. Labor and materials for distribution and recovery are presented in this chapter. Power costs for pumping can be estimated from the energy requirements. All costs in this chapter are for July 1999 using an Engineering News-Record Construction Cost Index (ENRCCI) of 6076. These costs are only planning-level values and should not be used for designed system cost estimating.
Transmission of wastewater to application sites can involve gravity pipe, open channels, or pressure forcemains. Pumping can also be involved with gravity flow transmission but is required for forcemain transmission. Costs of transmission depend on the pipe or the channel size and can be estimated using Refs. 1 and 2.
Pumping facilities for land treatment, as described in Chap. 9, range from full pumping stations to tailwater pumping facilities (see Recovery).
