TABLE OF CONTENTS Discussions of ECM against tracking radars [23, 24] and ECCM used in tracking radars [25, 26] have been concerned largely with listing and describing a number of jamming techniques, rather than with analysis of their operating principles and effects. In recent years, however, two Soviet textbooks have become available [27, 28] in which considerable engineering analysis is presented. The material in [28] is particularly valuable, as it lays the foundation for consideration of the basic objectives and effectiveness of ECM against tracking radars. Much of this material has been covered also in U.S. reports, but these are not generally available and cannot serve as the basis for discussion in the open literature.
Before discussing particular ECM techniques and means of countering them, it is important to identify the objectives of the ECM and the approaches used in accomplishing these objectives. The following are the objectives to which ECM might be addressed:
Preventing the tracker from acquiring its target;
Delaying acquisition of the target;
Preventing the tracker from obtaining range or doppler data;
Introducing large errors in range or doppler tracking;
Breaking lock in range or doppler;
Introducing large errors in angle tracking;
Breaking lock in angle;
Introducing additional false targets in the tracker;
Destroying or damaging the tracking radar (as with high-power microwaves).
The achievement of each of these objectives will have some effect on the system which uses the tracking radar data, but the effects of...
