3.1 Introduction

The spectrum analyzer has proven to be one of the most valuable pieces of test equipment for those who deal with RF communication issues. At one time, the spectrum analyzer was considered an exotic piece of test equipment not for use outside the laboratory. However, these days the spectrum analyzer is commonly used by shop technicians, field technicians, field engineers and even radio amateurs. The reasons for this are manifold. Spectrum overcrowding has generated many interference problems. The spectrum analyzer is an excellent tool for locating and analyzing interference problems. Manufacturers have recognized the need for spectrum analyzers designed to be used by technicians. This has resulted in spectrum analyzers with fewer bells and whistles and machines that do not require an engineering degree to operate. Many of the more sophisticated spectrum analyzers are available on the surplus and used equipment market. This makes them available to users who could not justify the high cost of brand new equipment.

Spectrum analyzers are also being incorporated into communication analyzers, commonly called service monitors in the land-mobile radio industry. However, those spectrum analyzers that are incorporated into other equipment are scaled-down versions and lack many of the features of standalone units. This chapter will teach you how to get the most out of your spectrum analyzer and how to minimize errors in making measurements with the spectrum analyzer. Also, in addition, a very brief description of the fundamental operation of a swept-tuned spectrum analyzer is presented.