A Random Experiments:

In the study of probability, any process of observation is referred to as an experiment. The results of an observation are called the outcomes of the experiment. An experiment is called a random experiment if its outcome cannot be predicted. Typical examples of a random experiment are the roll of a die, the toss of a com, drawing a card from a deck, or selecting a message signal for transmission from messages.

B Sample Space and Events:

The set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment is called the sample space S. An element in S is called a sample point. Each outcome of a random experiment corresponds to a sample point.

A set A is called a subset of B, denoted by A ? B if every element of A is also an element of B. Any subset of the sample space S is called an event. A sample point of S is often referred to as an elementary event. Note that the sample space S is the subset of itself, that is, S ? S. Since S is the set of all possible outcomes, it is often called the cerrain event.

C Algebra of Events:

1. The complement of event A, denoted A, is the event containing all sample points in S but not in A.

2. The union