There are three common conferencing modes: one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many. One-to-one mode is typically used for a conversation between two individuals or between two small groups of people. One-to-many mode, the most common technique, is used for the widespread delivery of a common message such as in video-delivered training. It is sometimes called point to multipoint. Many-to-many mode is the least common form of conferencing. It requires video origination equipment at every site and a complex bridging arrangement to ensure that every site can transmit signals to and receive signals from every other site.

Related to these three modes are the actual service types that they provide. One-way audio/video is used to convey a common message when there is no need for audience feedback. One-way video with audio return only is used for situations when there is no need for the video originator (such as an instructor or meeting facilitator) to see audience members, but when he or she must be able to hear them.

Finally, two-way audio/video is used for fully interactive sessions that require complete two-way connectivity between all parties.