Advanced Fluid Mechanics
Offering exceptional pedagogy, for both classroom use and self-instruction, this text integrates both the simple stages of fluid mechanics (Fundamentals) with those involving more complex parameters.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Advanced Fluid Mechanics
Chapter 10: Turbulent Flows
tur-bu-lence (circa 1598): the quality or state of being turbulent: as a: wild commotion b: irregular atmospheric motion esp. when characterized by up-and-down currents c: departure in a fluid from a smooth flow.
tur-bu-lent (1538) 1: causing unrest, violence, or disturbance 2 a: characterized by agitation or tumult; TEMPESTUOUS b: exhibiting physical turbulence
turbulent flow (circa 1922): a fluid flow in which the velocity at a given point varies erratically in magnitude and direction; compare LAMINAR FLOW
10.1 The Why and How of Turbulence
These dictionary definitions lay out the problems with the study of turbulent flow: wild, commotion, irregular, unrest, violence, disturbance, agitation, tumult, tempestuous, erratic. To that list could be added adjectives such as chaotic, random, confused, unorganized well, you see the point. Clearly, while the study of laminar flow is difficult, the study of turbulent flow requires a completely different approach.
Experience tells us that turbulence is often, but not necessarily, associated with high Reynolds numbers and is all too common in the atmosphere, oceans, rivers, lakes even the plumbing in our buildings and our bodies. Sometimes it serves good purposes. If you want to mix together two liquids, cool off your coffee by stirring, or stir a can of paint, the introduction of turbulence comes in handy. On the other hand, if you want to increase lift on airplane wings or decrease drag on autos, ships, and planes, keeping things laminar as long as possible may be better.
Thus, it is necessary...
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