Mechanical Components Reference Materials
Reference Articles 1501 - 1600 of 1765
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Case Study: Modular Track Systems
From: GGBDescription: Modular track systems used for heavy equipment are subjected to enormous loads, both from the weight of the equipment itself, as well as shock impacts from traveling across inhospitable terrain. ATI ...
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Case Study: Axial Piston Pump
From: GGBDescription: GGB Bearing Technology's low-friction, self-lubricating bearings offer a complete solution for the fluid power industry. ...
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CASE STUDY:Brazil's Belo Monte Hydroelectric Dam
From: GGBDescription: Brazil's Belo Monte Hydroelectric Dam is a complex of dams, numerous dykes and a series of canals supplying two different power stations with water. ...
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Lokomat®Pro Therapy Robot
From: GGBDescription: Founded in 1996, the Swiss-based medical technology company works closely with leading clinics and research centers to develop innovative therapy solutions. ...
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What Is Bearing Preload?
Description: Bearing Preload is an axial or thrust load applied to a bearing that removes excess play. There are many ways to apply preload, as well as many benefits and potential problems with preload. This ...
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What is ABEC and how does Silverthin deliver precision?
Description: ABEC stands for Annular Bearing Engineering Committee. ABEC is part of the American Bearing Manufacturers Association, which acts as the official governing body of the bearing industry in the United ...
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What is a moment load?
Description: Wait a Moment! Don't forget to consider moment loads when specifying thin section bearings. ...
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Wave Spring Design Guide
From: TFC Ltd.Description: An introduction to Wave Springs and their advantages over conventional coil springs. ...
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What is a Thin Section Bearing and How Does it Reduce Cost?
Description: Thin section bearings help reduce total cost in a system by allowing for design efficiency over standard bearing sizes. ...
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Thin Section Bearings - Why are there 3 different types?
Description: Creating space and saving weight are also two key considerations when selecting thin section bearings. ...
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Don't forget to consider moment loads when specifying thin section bearings.
Description: What is a moment load? A moment load is a tilting load that attempts to rotate the rings of a rolling element bearing in a rotational manner perpendicular to the designed rotational axis. ...
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Chemical Compatibility Database for materials: Seals, Gaskets and moldings
From: DP Seals LtdDescription: Our Chemical Compatibility Database (CCD) has been created to help you make the right choice of materials for the environment that your product has to operate in. Simply enter the name of your ...
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Conveyor system for plasterboard
From: Habasit AmericaDescription: Apart from the heavy load of the stack of pallets weighing several tons, the system is also exposed to a high level of abrasion from fine mineral plaster dust. This dust attacks the hinges, rods and ...
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Three ways to improve bottle conveying
Description: Higher transport speeds, less downtime, decreased maintenance, and reduced breakage are key factors in improving bottle production. William Hall highlights three new types of glass conveying chains ...
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Type & Characteristics of Cages, Shields and Seals
From: EZO SPB-USA, LLCDescription: The RJ type cage is suitable for larger bearings with a high load carrying capacity. The two pieces are riveted together and are strong enough to withstand higher levels of vibration and acceleration. ...
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Adjustable Bearing Preload Solutions
From: SPIROLDescription: Angular roller bearings and ball bearings in an assembly typically require preloading in order to maintain a minimum designed axial force in the assembly. This minimum force is called the bearing ...
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Choosing the Proper Fastener when Automating
From: SPIROLDescription: The fastener is as important when automating as the automation equipment itself. Choosing the right fastener may prevent exorbitant machine and fixture costs, decrease set-up and cycle times, as well ...
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Clever Seam Design Makes the Coiled Pin Perfect for Hinges
From: SPIROLDescription: The Coiled Pin's tucked seam will allow smooth, interference-free rotation of hinge/axle components in the vast majority of assemblies. ...
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Hole Preparation for Press Fit Pins
From: SPIROLDescription: Press fit pins are retained in an assembly by the frictional forces between the pin and its mating host component. These forces are a product of the coefficient of friction between the mating ...
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How to Reduce Assembly Costs with Coiled Spring Pins
From: SPIROLDescription: In any assembled component there are two ways to reduce the overall cost of the assembly: reduce the cost of the individual components or reduce the cost to assemble the components. The Coiled Pin is ...
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Insert Material - Brass versus Stainless Steel
From: SPIROLDescription: Assemblies made of plastic or other soft materials often rely on threaded metal inserts to secure fasteners and reinforce joints. Though stainless steel may be appropriate for use in some applications ...
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Lowest Installed Cost
From: SPIROLDescription: What is the real cost of a component? When sourcing a fastener this is often taken as the one that costs less. However, it is not that simple and it has been a question that SPIROL has answered for ...
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Measurement Techniques for the Inspection of Coiled Spring Pins
From: SPIROLDescription: Coiled pin design is such that, diameter will be within specification over a minimum of 270° of the circumference. This design characteristic ensures that diameter at the seam will remain equal to, or ...
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Passivation: Is it Really Necessary?
From: SPIROLDescription: It has been traditionally thought that passivation is the standard method of cleaning stainless steel; when in fact passivation is not a cleaning process at all. The passivation process removes any ...
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Shims? Make Mine Laminated!
From: SPIROLDescription: It is often quicker and less expensive to use a shim, a thin piece of metal or composite, to level a machine tool or make components fit together, than grinding and machining to make the same ...
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Slotted Pin Inflexibility Leads to Failure
From: SPIROLDescription: A "Spring Pin" is appropriately named by its ability to flex into a hole that is smaller than the pin's original (pre-installed) outside diameter. A Spring Pin's tendency to return to its original ...
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The Impact of RoHS and DFARS (The Berry Amendment) The Fastener Industry is always evolving.
From: SPIROLDescription: There has been a bit of confusion and concern regarding two requirements that have recently become enforced policies; RoHS and DFARS (The Berry Amendment). These two policies may confuse some, but for ...
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The Pin
From: SPIROLDescription: An attempt is made to analyze strain and stress of different types of pins in more detail than the conventional consideration of the shear strength offers. The analysis reveals that there are cases in ...
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How to Choose the Most Cost Effective Alignment Dowel
From: SPIROLDescription: To select the most cost-effective alignment component, Design Engineers must focus on required positional tolerances, cost of secondary operations (reaming/honing holes), overall assembly weight, ...
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Comparative Analysis of Stainless Steel and Carbon Steel Fasteners
From: SPIROLDescription: Corrosion of stainless and carbon steel are very different. This paper will provide information regarding general attack or surface corrosion as this is often a primary consideration when selecting ...
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Fastening Solutions for Medical Devices
From: SPIROLDescription: Even though the application requirements do not justify it, fasteners used in medical devices are usually specified as extremely tightly toleranced parts. In addition, due to the unfamiliarity of the ...
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Heat Versus Ultrasonic Installation
From: SPIROLDescription: This informative document analyzes the differences between heat and ultrasonic installation of Threaded Inserts into plastic assemblies. ...
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How to Design the Optimum Hinge
From: SPIROLDescription: There are two primary types of hinges: 1) a free fit hinge has little to no friction or drag when the latch or handle is rotated. Hinge components are "free" to rotate independent of one another, and ...
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How to Maximize Retention of Spring Pins
From: SPIROLDescription: When proper design guidelines are followed, companies can take advantage of the many benefits that Spring Pins offer. They significantly reduce the total cost of the assembly, lower insertion forces ...
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The Importance of the Insertion Quill when Installing Coiled Spring Pins
From: SPIROLDescription: When installing Coiled Spring Pins, it is important that the installation tool, often called a "quill", is large enough to cover the entire end of the Coiled Pin. The quill should be sized such that ...
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Sealing Solutions for Amphibious Assault Vehicles (AAVs)
From: Elasto Proxy Inc.Description: Amphibious assault vehicles are armored personnel carriers that transport troops and cargo from off-shore ships to in-land positions. During World War II, Allied forces used an amphibious landing ...
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Improving Fastening Results with 5 Tips from an Expert
From: Mountz, Inc.Description: Solving fastening problems is about controlling variables or eliminating potential causes that create an unwanted fastening event. Let's take a look at common unwanted fastening events. Cross ...
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Beyond statistical process control
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: Seals Eastern looks forward to continued gains in quality and efficiency by combining statistical and rheological techniques in the design and manufacture of engineered rubber products. ...
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Designing with elastomers
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: This chapter reviews the behavior of a crosslinked elastomer in an engineered design, randomly or continuously loaded (as opposed to regular cyclic loading). Comparable real world service would be ...
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Dialkyl Phthalate Plasticizers
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: The solubility of a plasticizer in a polymer is governed by thermodynamic considerations well documented by numerous researchers. The effect of plasticizers on dynamic properties is less widely known. ...
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DMTA: Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: In the following sections, some of the features and benefits of DMRT are presented, relevant elements of rheology are defined, DMRT methods are explained, and some applications of DMRT to polymer ...
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Elastomer Service Life Prediction in Organic Acid Coolants
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: The objective of this test program was to review the potential physical and chemical changes of four candidate elastomers in engine coolant service. ...
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Elastomers and aging
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: A chemical analysis of the aging process of rubber. ...
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Elastomers as an engineering material
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: Polyurethane specs and design information. ...
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Elastomers in Automotive Fuels, Oils, and Fluids at High Temperatures
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: Elastomers in fuels, oils and other fluids are increasingly being tested (and subjected to) 3000 hour life tests. These tests are not only realistic but also overdue if we are building world-class ...
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Elastomers in the Hot Sour Gas Environment
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: It can be shown that elastomers have a more predictable swelling response in high-pressure supercritical gases than previously believed. This paper reviews environment interactions, emphasizing ...
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EVALUATING THE RETENTION OF VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES FOR EXTREME AND LONG TERM SERVICE: A CASE STUDY IN POTASSIUM FORMATE.
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: The objective of this test program was to review the potential physical and chemical ch anges of three popular "high-performance" oilfield materials in potassium formate over a relatively short time ...
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Fluorine-containing Elastomers
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: Explains the development, classification, and theory of fluoroelastomers. ...
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Fluoroelastomers and Modern Engine Fluids
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: Two classes of fluoroelastomers, FKM and FEPM, are aged at 150°C in dry heat, ASTM reference engine oil and an organic acid based engine coolant. The test procedure, which uses unique component ...
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HNBR and Long Term Serviceability in Modern Automotive Lubricants
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: The objective of this study was to identify the primary mechanism which is responsible for a dramatic increase in HNBR hardness during long exposures to high temperatures in automatic transmission ...
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HNBR and Long Term Serviceability in Modern Automotive Lubricants: Part II
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: A study on the viscoelastic properties of HNBR was conducted after exposure to nucleophilic and basic constituents in automatic transmission fluids. ...
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Implementing SPC in the Materials Control Lab
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: As an important fabricator of precision molded rubber products, we had always understood that effective quality control depends on determination, hard work and the appropriate use of state-of-the-art ...
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LOW TEMPERATURE TESTING OF ELASTOMERS
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: Testing elastomers at low temperature. ...
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MECHANICS OF ELASTOMERS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: "Among elastomers commercially available, several are reasonably stable for prolonged periods at temperatures above 200*C (392*F); but at such temperatures, their strength characteristics are ...
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Nitrile Rubber - Past, Present, and Future
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: Nitrite rubber (NBR) has been the work-horse elastomer in oil & gas production for the past fifty years. As wells began producing increasing amounts of hydrogen sulfide through stimulation or ...
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O-rings for low-pressure service
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: Designing O-ring seals for low pressures is not simply a matter of reducing the amount of squeeze: it involves a delicate balancing of material hardness, dimensional tolerances, stress relaxation, and ...
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Polymers - A Brief Tutorial
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: The science and specs behind different types of polymers. ...
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Rubber under strain: an engineering approach
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: An analysis of rubber under strain from an engineering perspective. ...
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SEALING HIGH PRESSURES UNDER SOUR CONDITIONS
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: Sealing high pressure gases with elastomers is a problem as elastomers are essentially a supercondensed gas. The primary interactions (type of gas, heat, pressure) and secondary interactions (water, ...
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Seals and sealing - success and failure
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: Sealing successes and failures in the oil and gas industry. ...
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SHORE A DUROMETER AND ENGINEERING PROPERTIES
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: Overview, use of, and conclusions about durometers. ...
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Solubility parameter concepts - a new look
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: The solubility parameter concept, on first discovery appears to offer a rationalized approach for a simplified elastomer selection in various solvents. The original definitive book, "Solubility of ...
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SOUR HYDROCARBONS - THE ELASTOMER CHALLENGE
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: Hydrofluorocarbon elastomers, ASTM designation D1418-FKM, are produced domestically by Dupont and 3M Company under the trade names of Viton and Fluorel. FKM elastomers have been extensively studied, ...
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The Hidden Cause of Seal Failure
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: If a seal leaks for no apparent reason, or shows cracks and blisters, it could be reacting with the fluid it's sealing. This problem is especially severe if the fluid has a molecular structure similar ...
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The Use of the MDR 2000 to Resolve a Problem in Injection Molding
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: Converting a high-volume compression-molded bonded seal to an injection-molded process requires dramatically different rheological and curing properties of the elastomer formulation. Shear rates are ...
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Theory of Rubber Compounding
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: To more completely appreciate the challenges of successful oilfield elastomer formulation we will briefly review the operating environment. Energy production has moved from the relatively benign ...
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Thermal Limitations of BPAF cured and TAIC cured Fluoroelastomers Evaluated using Strain Energy Density
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: Fluoroelastomers are characterized by excellent heat stability, thus suitable for sealing applications where high temperature performance is required. However, thermal excursions, defined as ...
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Vulcanization in theory and practice
From: Seals Eastern, Inc.Description: This paper concern the theory and practice of vulcanization - the process of adding crosslinks to long-chain molecules. ...
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What Oil Spills Teach Us about Industrial Hoses
From: Elasto Proxy Inc.Description: According to the National Association for Hose and Accessories Distribution (NAHAD), chemical compatibility describes the degree to which one material can contact another without an adverse change in ...
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Attach and detach heavy panels in a snap...again and again!
Description: A low key "snap" solved the problem of a metal-on-metal roar, secured a safety perimeter around thrashing robots, and defeated steel screws in a mushroom vs. thread competition. ...
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How to Select Seals for Refrigerators and Freezers
From: Elasto Proxy Inc.Description: Faulty or leaky door seals make it harder for refrigerators and freezers to keep contents cold. Motors work overtime, running continuously and increasing energy usage and wear. Increased costs aren't ...
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Choosing a Material
From: Lauren Manufacturing Co.Description: Selecting the best elastomer for an application involves being able to answer many questions. That may seem overwhelming at first but the best place to begin is with existing information. Look for a ...
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Maintaining a Tight Grip
From: Nord-Lock GroupDescription: Throughout its entire lifespan, a bolt is in constant battle against settlement, relaxation and creep, with the slightest loosening or slackening having potentially devastating results. ...
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Case study - JCB Construcion Machines
Description: When JCB, the global manufacturer of construction machines, identified a need for a steep improvement in the performance of their hydraulic cylinder sealing systems, ...
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Technical reference: Fluid compatibility
Description: Use these tables below to work out which materials best suit your specific system and operating environment. ...
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How the Medical Industry Chooses Safe, Sanitary Seals
From: Elasto Proxy Inc.Description: When the medical industry chooses a sealing supplier, buyers want to work with solutions providers instead of salespeople. By selecting a partner instead of a provider, medical device manufacturers ...
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Types and applications of industrial chain
Description: Agricultural gripping conveyor chains: suitable for walking wheat, rice harvester and set-motorized rice and wheat thresher, semi-feeding combine harvester. Hollow pin chain: transportation, ...
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Types and applications of industrial chain, industrial chain
Description: Agricultural chain: suitable for field machinery such as hand tractor, thresher, combine harvester. This chain is low cost but can withstand impact and abrasion resistance, in addition, the chain ...
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High Voltage, Life Critical, Glove Inflator Redesign
Description: A prospective customer approached the Field team with a request for a quote on a fastener. Prior to quoting the fastener, Field requested to walk the customer's production floor to review the ...
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Key Considerations When Selecting a New Fastening Partner [White Paper]
Description: The decision on where to buy from may seem trivial considering the commoditized nature of fasteners, but the capabilities and approach your fastening partner uses impacts all facets of your ...
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5 Key Tips for Linear Bearing Maintenance That Save Money by Avoiding Unplanned Downtime.
From: Thomson Industries Inc.Description: How a $25 invenstment now can prevent tens of thousands of dollars in unplanned downtime. While the cost of linear bearings is low, their performance is essential to the accuracy, repeatability and ...
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Equivalent Operating Load
From: Thomson Industries Inc.Description: The formula for determining the equivalent operating load (Feq) is important. Many engineers will just use the nominal operating load (F) when calculating the life of a ball screw but in extreme cases ...
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Simriz O-Rings in Steam
From: KC Seals, Inc.Description: Simriz® is a family of Perfluoroelastor compounds developed solely by Simrit and designed to provide superior chemical resistance and thermal stability. Simriz possesses the resilience of an ...
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Aerodynamic Bearings
Description: All air bearings ride on a thin film of gas which provides lubrication. In the case of aerodynamic or self-acting bearings, the air film is created by the relative motion of two mating surfaces ...
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Emergency Safety Siren Fastener Redesign
Description: Replacement of an Expensive and Unnecessary Patch Leads to a 63% Reduction in Fastener Costs ...
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Oscillating Tool Bearing Flange Product Redesign
Description: Field Initiated Engineering Review and Product Redesign Yields $170,000 in Cost Savings ...
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Cable Shielding
From: PIC Wire & CableDescription: Regardless of its construction, a shield will be only as immune to induced noise as its effectiveness provides. This means that the shield will "intercept" and/or deflect magnetic or electrical fields ...
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International Chain Standards
Description: The range of pitch sizes can vary between 4mm, (0.158 inch) to 114.3mm, (4.500 inch). They are characterised by a large pin diameter, especially for the larger pitch sizes. This results in better wear ...
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Making the Case for Tension Indicating Fasteners
From: Industrial IndicatorsDescription: When design engineers specify fasteners for product assemblies, systems or structures, they typically calculate the preload required for each bolted joint, then choose fasteners to meet those ...
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The Torque-Tension Relationship Gets Stretched
From: Industrial IndicatorsDescription: Most fasteners are tightened using traditional methods, such as manual torque wrenching, pneumatic impact wrenching, or automatic torque cutoff tools. As a result of this trend, a common question ...
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Eight ways to increase conveyor chain life
Description: Producers of glass bottles and jars can often achieve significant gains in production by improving the operation of conveying chains on IS machines and cross conveyors. William Hall discusses eight ...
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What is Stainless Steel?
Description: WHAT IS "STAINLESS" STEEL? By "stainless" is generally meant a large group of types of steel which contain at least 12% chromium (Cr) and often additions of other alloy substances, for example, nickel ...
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Why Does Rust Occur?
Description: I...L *' Rust damage on products costs large sums every year, and can also cause breakdowns through various kinds of corrosion weakening sup porting structures. There are therefore strong reasons to ...
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Storage of Seals
Description: Most polymeric items including vulcanized rubber and other elastomers tend to change their properties during storage and may become unserviceable. This may be due to hardening, softening, cracking, ...
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Surface Roughness
Description: Many parameters can be used to describe surface finishes and these are explained in ISO 4287 and ISO 4288. Those in most common use in the fluid power industry include: Ra, which is defined as the ...
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5 Ways to Choose the Best DryLin® W Linear Guide for Your Application
From: igus® inc.Description: 5 ways to choose the best linear guide for your application from the DryLin® W toolkit ...
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6 Little-known Facts about Plastic Bearing Linkages
From: igus® inc.Description: Plastic bearing linkages have some unique features and benefits that other solutions do not offer. ...
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Classification and Characteristics of Rolling Bearings
From: Emerson Bearing Co.Description: Classification and Characteristics of Rolling Bearings ...
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4 Reasons To Replace PTFE-lined Bushings
From: igus® inc.Description: Here are the top four reasons for replacing PTFE-lined bushings with plastic bushings, which offer more design flexibility. ...
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Butting Rails Together in 5 Easy Steps
From: igus® inc.Description: Linear rails typically come in lengths between six and 12 feet, but customers often ask: is it possible to make rails longer by butting them together? The answer is yes. ...