Passive and Discrete Reference Materials
Reference Articles 401 - 500 of 502
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Frequently Asked Questions About Temperature Effects on Magnets
Description: All magnetic materials are at all times as fully magnetized as their thermal state permits. Prior to "magnetization" their magnetic domains arrange randomly to minimize their internal (and external) ...
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Frequently Asked Questions on Magnetic Couplings and Their Design
Description: Eddy current devices have a straight-line torque-speed characteristic, with the torque increasing linearly with the speed by virtue of the fact that the induced currents vary in magnitude with the ...
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CT Burden Chart
From: FLEX-COREDescription: DETERMINING BURDEN FOR CURRENT TRANSFORMERS CT SECONDARY WIRE SIZING EXAMPLE ...
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Current and Voltage Transformers Glossary
From: FLEX-COREDescription: Current and voltage transformers glossary. ...
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Polymagnet® Concepts and Ideas
Description: Polymagnets® can be offered as components of a functional sub-assembly, such as vibration isolation, shear force transfer across a barrier, magnetic coupling across an air gap, or linear motion ...
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Current Transformer Application Note and Wire Length Chart
From: Weschler InstrumentsDescription: Current transfomers are specified by size (VA rating), ratio and accuracy. The VA rating determines the maximum secondary impedance (lead+terminal+meter impedance) that can be driven at the stated ...
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Current Transformer Measurements
From: Weschler InstrumentsDescription: The Current Transformer (CT) is used to sense AC current in single-phase or three-phase mains circuits. The CT typically has a 1A or 5A AC secondary that connects to a current, power or energy meter. ...
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Magnet Education
Description: Magnet terminology and selection criteria. ...
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Magnet Location & Selection Guide
Description: Magnet location and selection guide ...
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Breaking down the challenges with 347V & 480V for lighting devices.
From: E Craftsmen CorporationDescription: Many commercial & industrial installations receive primary power at 347V (in Canada) or 480V (US), which often exceeds the rated input voltage for most lighting products. It is hazardous to operate a ...
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Current Transformer Overview
Description: A current transformers (CT) is a device that can detect a current through a wire passing through its center. This wire constitutes a one-turn primary for the transformer, and the winding on the CT ...
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Resistors FAQ
Description: Some common questions about resistors. ...
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MagneGear™ Linear and Rotary Magnetic Gearing Devices for Downhole Applications
Description: Geared devices are a necessity in many types of downhole tools. The primary purpose of gearing is to provide either a speed change or a force change. Limitations in diameter on most downhole tools ...
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Magnet Designs for Magneto-electronic Thin Film Processing
Description: Magnetic fields are pivotal in the manufacture and processing of advanced magneto-electronic thin films. These include giant magnetoresistive (GMR), current perpendicular to plane (CPP) spin valves ...
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Magnetic Design Considerations for Devices and Particles Used for Biological High-Gradient Magnetic Separation (HGMS) Systems
Description: An overview of the magnetic systems used in biological high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) is presented. The magnetic design parameters of a range of separation devices are discussed. Such ...
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Method to Design Magnetrons that Match Preferred Erosion Patterns
Description: A new method for analyzing the erosion profiles produced by rotating magnetrons is presented. The average tangential flux is calculated in rings concentric with the rotation axis and plotted versus ...
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GlaxoSmithKline Retrofill with Midel to Reduce Insurance Costs
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: GlaxoSmithKline's factory in Montrose is engaged in the manufacture of primary actives for vaccines and respiratory medicines. GSK have been at the site since 1952 and there have recently been several ...
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High Performance Transformers for Greater Gabbard Wind Farm
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: The Greater Gabbard offshore wind farm is located in the outer Thames estuary in the UK, approximately 14 miles from the coast. It boasts 140 wind turbines in two arrays making it the world's largest ...
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Jordanian Electric Power Company Increase Fire Safety
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: JEPCO operate a large distribution network, based in the capital city of Amman in Jordan and covering around 66% of the population of Jordan. ...
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Large Power from Small Units
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: New Jersey Transit is the third largest provider of bus, rail and light rail services in the USA. It covers an area of 5,235 square miles, linking major locations in New Jersey, New York and ...
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Midel Filled Transformers for Dusty Environments
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: Heathrow airport is one of the world's busiest hubs, serving millions of customers a year. Throughout the airport there are distribution transformers providing power for critical services. Originally ...
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Midel in Transformers Onboard Freight Locomotives
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: MIDEL 7131 has been used for many years in electric freight locomotives, both as the transformer fluid and in some cases as the coolant for the converters. One such use has been by Bombardier ...
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Power Transformer Installed Underground in an Environmentally Sensitive Location
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: In 2002 Vattenfall AB identified a need for a new transformer for their underground hydropower station Stalon, located between Lake Malgomaj and Lake Kultsjön by the Ångermanälven River in northern ...
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Power Transformers for Underground Rock Stations
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: There has been a long history of use of Midel filled power transformers in Sweden, with Vattenfall having installed their first 151kV unit back in 2002. Following the success of Vattenfall's ...
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Retrofilling Transformers Helps to Increase Fire Safety in India
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited, formally known as NDPL, has a large operating network covering the North and North-West areas of Delhi, serving a population of 5,000,000 people. In common with ...
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The History of Rolling Stock Transformers with Midel
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: The electrification of railways is not a new technology; it is something that has been done since the early 20th century. DC supplied at relatively low voltages of 600V to 3kV was initially used as it ...
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Winning at the Eurovision Song Contest
From: M&I Materials LimitedDescription: When the country of Azerbaijan won the right to host the Eurovision song contest, by winning in 2011, they needed a new arena to hold the event in and started to construct the Baku Crystal Hall, under ...
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3-Axis Magnetic Field Mapping in System Design Validation
Description: The advent of the PC as a commonplace design tool has greatly enhanced the magnetic system designer's ability to predict the behavior of magnetic systems. However, there is still, as in any science, a ...
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Low Cost Method for Magnet Testing
Description: The Helmholtz coil test method is well suited to modern high coercivity magnet materials and can be implemented at relatively low cost. The theory behind the method is taught in physics books and has ...
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Magnetic Separators for Life Sciences
Description: Scalable Magnetic Designs to Achieve Comparable Capture Rates and Capture Efficiency across Multiple Vessel Diameters ...
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Permanent Magnet Basics
Description: Computer chip manufacturers and auto manufacturers delight in the feeding frenzy that follows the announcement of a new, faster model. This "speed greed" makes premium products the subject of ...
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The Attraction of Medical Magnets
Description: Sophisticated medical technology is creating faster and more efficient processes to support today's health care needs. From nanotechnology developments to expanding knowledge of cellular biology, ...
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Hybrid Capacitors with High Specific Power
From: Evans GroupDescription: Tantalum hybrid capacitors are designed for demanding applications requiring long life, wide temperature range, reliability, high specific energy and power. The hermetic design fits the expectations ...
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Application: Surgical Imaging Power Supply Case History
Description: Surgical imaging technology is helping doctors around the world operate with more precision than ever before. But when a major manufacture of this equipment needed large toroidal transformers in a ...
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Vibration Proofing Metal Foil Resistors
Description: Circuitry for space probes, avionics and down-hole data logging must perform flawlessly under harsh conditions, including high vibration and extreme temperature changes. Even a failure of a minor ...
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Reverse Recovery Time
Description: Factors Influencing Reverse Recovery Time Circuit/Environmental Influences: Other Factors: a) dl/dT c) Silicon Resistivity b) Junction Temperature d) Peak Inverse Voltage e) Manufacturing Process ...
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Rectifier Assemblies - Analysis and Design
Description: This section is intended to provide the user with 1) general background information on certain diode and rectifier assembly characteristics, and 2) basic guidance in identifying specific application ...
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FAQs > Multipliers
Description: Space Level Multipliers Operating Frequency MVM302P08 High Temp Performance MVM Polarity ...
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Characterization of an Evans Tantalum Hybrid Capacitor THQA2016502 - 5mF / 16 Volts
From: Evans GroupDescription: The tantalum Hybrid capacitor combines an anode from a wet slug tantalum electrolytic capacitor with a ruthenium oxide based cathode from a redox electrochemical capacitor. The working electrolyte is ...
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Tantalum Hybrid Capacitors - The Capacitors with the Highest Power Density in Medium Voltage Range
From: Evans GroupDescription: Tantalum Hybrid electrolytic/electrochemical capacitors are very versatile components, used in a wide variety of applications. This paper deals with pulse discharge characteristics measurement and ...
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The Littlest Big Capacitor -- An Evans Hybrid
From: Evans GroupDescription: High-energy-density capacitors with a tantalum metal anode, Ta2O5 dielectric, aqueous electrolyte, and RuO2 cathode have been described.1 Known as Evans Hybrid capacitors, these devices have the high ...
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Magnetics Design: Specifications, Performance and Economics
From: Datatronics™Description: The design, development and delivery of magnetic components for production is a complex process; it involves various organizations, skills and people. ...
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Electromagnetic compatibility of lighting equipment
From: Schaffner EMC Inc.Description: The EU decision to finally abolish incandescent lamps by 2012, the progress in the luminescent power of light emitting diodes (LED) and the further development of low-pressure and high-pressure ...
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DEFINITIONS AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES FOR TRANSFORMERS AND INDUCTORS
From: Datatronics™Description: DEFINITIONS AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES FOR TRANSFORMERS AND INDUCTORS ...
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Transformer Design Guidelines To Meet RoHS and Hi-Temp SMD Soldering Requirements
From: Datatronics™Description: Transformer manufacturers and the designers of electronic equipment continue to face technology and manufacturing challenges in the design of their respective products to meet the European Union's ...
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Automotive Crossover Filters
From: Coil Winding SpecialistDescription: The AC Series inductors from CWS, Coil Winding Specialist, Inc., is designed for use in a series connection with a capacitor to act as a filter to remove ignition noise or alternator noise from car ...
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How To Select And Use Ferrite/Nanocrystalline
From: Coil Winding SpecialistDescription: This application notes is written for junior engineers, technicians, purchasing managers, program managers who are involved with the design and procurements of Common Mode Chokes and filters. It is ...
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Lineator and SOLV Case Study: SkyVenture Montreal (.pdf)
Description: The Owners of SkyVenture Montreal were building a new dedicated facility for its first Canadian location and were eager to keep to its grand opening schedule. To achieve the required wind speeds, ...
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Current Transformers Provide Accurate, Isolated Measurements (.pdf)
Description: Accurate measurement of the amplitude and waveform of AC current is required in many electronic and electrical applications. The most obvious way to make such measurements is to insert a resistor into ...
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Understanding Transformer Standards at Home and Abroad (.pdf)
Description: There is a lot of confusion about how UL applies its standards to equipment and components. Most designers know that they need components that "meet UL," but they may not understand what this really ...
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Riedon Termination Resistors for 4-20 mA Industrial
From: Riedon, Inc.Description: Modern industrial automation applications demand high performance instrumentation. A well-established technique is to use 4-to-20 mA current-mode transmission (rather than voltage signal) between ...
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Application note for Analog Devices Analog-to-Digital Converter Model AD9640 (.pdf)
From: Anaren, Inc.Description: This application note explains the use of Anaren's multilayer balun (BD0205F5050AHF) in conjunction with Analog Devices AD9640 integrated dual 14-bit, 80/105/125/150 MSPS analog to digital converter. ...
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Application Note for the Layout Packages for Texas Instrument's CC2420 & CC2430 Extended to CC2500 (.pdf)
From: Anaren, Inc.Description: Integrating 100% RF tested components increase yield and decreases size and time to market. This application note demonstrates these objectives clearly as we present a small and simple balun solution ...
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Application Note for Using Anaren 0404 BD2425NnRF Balun in Conjunction with Nordic Semiconductors nRF24L01 and nRF24L01+ Transceivers (.pdf)
From: Anaren, Inc.Description: This application note demonstrates the advantages of using a small and simple balun solution optimized for use with Nordic Semiconductors' nRF24L01 and nRF24L01+ chip. The nRF24L01 is a true ...
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Power Rating & Heat Sink Dimensioning When Using Resistors (.pdf)
From: Riedon, Inc.Description: In our data sheets the nominal power dissipation is mentioned for all resistors. The data are mentioned for a free standing assembly i.e. SMD assembled on a PCB. The ambient temperature is always ...
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Temperature and TC of a Resistor (.pdf)
From: Riedon, Inc.Description: In today's modern fields of measurement and electronics, particularly in such industries as heating and ventilation (HVAC), medical technology, and military applications: precision, stability, and ...
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The `Good Old` Power Days (.pdf)
From: Riedon, Inc.Description: Perhaps your early electronics experience was with communications equipment when vacuum tubes were king. Tubes had personality. They emitted a warm glow from their filaments and cherry-red anodes, and ...
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Understanding Riedon Resistors & Temperature Dependence (.pdf)
From: Riedon, Inc.Description: The absolute ohmic value of a resistor is temperature-dependent.In today's modern fields of measurement and electronics, particularly in such industries as heating and ventilation(HVAC), medical ...
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Baluns Shrink To Tiny 0404 Footprint (.pdf)
From: Anaren, Inc.Description: Consumer and commercial electronic designs call for the smallest possible components to save space and power. Balanced-unbalanced transformers or baluns have traditionally been based on transmission ...
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Measurements Techniques for Baluns (.pdf)
From: Anaren, Inc.Description: A balun consists of an "unbalanced" port and two "balanced ports". The balun is a passive and reversible device. Therefore the "unbalanced" port can be used as either an input or an output; likewise ...
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Multilayer Baluns Break Wire-Wound Size Barrier (.pdf)
From: Anaren, Inc.Description: These new baluns not only do away with the ferrite core and size of wire-wound components, they also shave the manufacturing, design, and performance trade-offs associated with traditional ...
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Using Anaren's BD0205F5050A00 Balun with Analog Devices, Inc. AD9445 and AD9446 High Speed Data Converters (.pdf)
From: Anaren, Inc.Description: This application note helps explain the use of Anaren's multilayer BD0205F5050A00 balun, in conjunction with either the Analog Devices AD9445 or AD9446 14bit / 16bit high speed data converters, This ...
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Using Multilayer Baluns to Improve ADC Performance (.pdf)
From: Anaren, Inc.Description: This application note explains the use of Anaren's multilayer balun (BD0205F5050AHF) in conjunction with Analog Devices AD9640 integrated dual 14-bit, 80/105/125/150 MSPS analog to digital converter. ...
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The Effect of Stress on the Initial Permeability of Ferrite Cores (.pdf)
From: Datatronics™Description: The purpose of this paper is to discuss in particular the effects on Initial Permeability (?i), thus inductance, which are a result of the various construction techniques and environmental conditions ...
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A New Solution for Harmonics Generated by Variable Speed Drives (.pdf)
Description: The need for harmonic mitigating devices is growing because of the rapid increase in variable speed drive (VSD) usage in industrial and commercial applications and the corresponding growth in ...
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CNCE and NCE Installation at Broadcasting Studio (.pdf)
Description: Concerned about video noise detected on some of its studio equipment, E! Entertainment Television (ETV), commissioned a study to determine if this noise was power quality related. The primary purpose ...
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MIRUS Neutral Current Eliminator Performance Report (.pdf)
Description: On Oct. 3, 2001 a 400 amp Neutral Current Eliminator™ (NCE™) was put into service at the Comcast Cable facility in Union, New Jersey. The NCE™ is a triplen harmonic filter and had ...
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Resistors for Current Sensing (.doc)
From: Riedon, Inc.Description: Current sensing is used in many applications. From microamperes to thousands of amperes, sensing is usually accomplished through two effects: voltage drop or the generation of magnetic fields. This ...
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Understanding Temperature Coefficient of Resistance
From: Riedon, Inc.Description: A resistor's Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (TCR) tells how much its value changes as its temperature changes. It is usually expressed in ppm/°C (parts per million per degree Centigrade) units. ...
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Using Power Resistors as Heaters
From: Riedon, Inc.Description: Power resistors and resistance heaters share many common design considerations. In both products, good thermal design ensures low thermal resistance between the element and the exterior environment. ...
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Why Choose Riedon (a Resistor Company) For Your Special RTD Requirements
From: Riedon, Inc.Description: Riedon has manufactured high-precision wirewound resistors for OEM industries since 1960. These precision resistors have tolerances as small as 0.005%. They are extremely stable over time, and operate ...
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Wirewound vs. Film Resistors for Precision Applications
From: Riedon, Inc.Description: Wirewound resistors have been around for a long time. They enjoy a long life because they have some very important features not duplicated by new technology products. If you must optimize circuit ...
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BGA Socket Adapter System Provides Reliable Test Equipment Connection for Engine Performance Analysis (.pdf)
Description: A major electronics test equipment manufacturer developed a new engine control unit test board to calibrate embedded semiconductor automotive engine control devices. These automotive engine control ...
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Custom Six-Position Peel-A-Way® Terminal Carriers Reduce Board Assembly Time and Costs (.pdf)
Description: In a military electronics application for a gyroscopically controlled course correction system, the manufacturer's printed circuit board design required a three-branch flex circuit with six pins at ...
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Socket-Adapter Systems: A Practical Test Alternative (.pdf)
Description: Traditional one-piece, clam¬shell-design test sockets are useful diagnostic tools for establishing or evaluating device functionality. However, they tend to be less satisfactory for validating ...
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Technical Information for Handling Permanent Magnets (.pdf)
Description: This document contains precautions for handling and packaging Permanent Magnets. ...
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Technical Paper: Magnetization (.pdf)
Description: This document contains a table showing magnetization for various applications and arrangements. ...
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Technical Paper: Magnets and their Specifications (.pdf)
Description: Magnets are available in multiple specifications on the market. Almost all dimensions and geometries can be realised. To activate the reed switch a magnet (magnet field) is needed. The different ...
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Control Voltage Transformer Selection Guide (.pdf)
Description: To make the proper transformer selection, the load must be completely analyzed. Every electrically energized component in the control circuit must be considered. Electromagnetic control devices have ...
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Inexpensive Scalar Measurement of a Band Pass Filter or Other Passive Device or Component (.pdf)
From: KRYTAR, Inc.Description: Set the leveled output power from the sweep signal generator to its maximum (usually between +12 to +20 dBm). Maximum dynamic range for the Krytar Power Meter is -39 to +20 dBm. Note that if +20 dBm ...
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Cost vs. Exciting Power of 50/60HZ Transformers (.doc)
From: Agile MagneticsDescription: Regional Manufacturing Specialists Inc. understands that rising energy costs coupled with new technologies are driving demand for increased efficiencies from transformers. Achieving these efficiencies ...
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Key Considerations for Current Tranformers
From: Precision IncorporatedDescription: CT's provide an isolated, accurate measurement of the current in the primary. Usually CT's have a one turn primary - a conductor that is part of the circuit being measured. CT's have very little ...
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Key Considerations for Medical Device Design
From: Precision IncorporatedDescription: Opportunties for the development of Medical Magnetics and device evolution will require continual demanding physical characteristics and size, as well as more performance through design and design ...
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High Frequency - High Voltage Transformers (.doc)
From: PowerVolt, Inc.Description: The need for high frequency (HF) combined with high voltage (HV) in transformers is becoming more popular. The well known advantage of operating at high frequency is that it allows the transformer to ...
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Implementation of Fast Fourier Transforms
Description: Fourier transforms are one of the fundamental operations in signal processing. In digital computations, Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFT) are used to describe, represent, and analyze discrete-time ...
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Implementing Auto Baud on dsPIC30F Devices
Description: All current dsPIC30F devices have a UART peripheral with Auto Baud capability. The signal on the UART receive pin (RX pin) can be internally routed to an Input Capture module to time the edges of the ...
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Functions, Variations and Application Areas of Magnetic Components
From: Schaffner EMC Inc.Description: The transformer is one of the classical components of Electrotechnology. It is used in all areas of every day life. Transformers are used to adapt electrical energy, which is supplied on various ...
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Finite Element Analysis Report - Advantages of the CTE Matched Flange
From: Barry Industries, Inc.Description: The finite element analysis described in this report was performed to support the conclusions of the Barry Industries' report "Materials Selection for High-Power / High Reliability Resistors", Jack ...
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Investigation of Trim Notch and its Effect on Surface Mount Resistors in RF Circuits
From: Barry Industries, Inc.Description: Surface mount (SMD) resistors are often employed in microstrip circuitry at RF frequencies. Typical SMD resistors designed for general purpose circuitry are usually trimmed using plunge trim or "L" ...
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SMD Resistor Thermal Analysis
From: Barry Industries, Inc.Description: The ability of a surface mount resistor to dissipate a given amount of power is ultimately limited by the temperature of the active resistor film. Assuming that the effects of convection and radiation ...
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Transformer Design for Charging Defibrillator Capacitors
From: Datatronics™Description: Generating high voltage by means of flyback topology is a common approach. Using the generated voltage to charge a capacitor for a high energy pulse are used in defibrillators, photoflashs, strobes ...
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Comparing Harmonics Mitigating to K-Factor Transformers
From: Exponential PowerDescription: The harmonic currents generated by non-linear loads will produce voltage distortion as they interact with the impedance of an electrical distribution system. This voltage distortion can easily reach ...
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Cost Efficiency Analysis of Harmonics Transformers
From: Exponential PowerDescription: The United States Environmental Protection Agency's Energy Star program has gained tremendous popularity since it's inception in 1992. The Energy Star label is now recognized by many as a sign of ...
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Harmonics and Harmonic Mitigating Transformers (HMTs): FAQs
From: Exponential PowerDescription: This document has been written to provide answers to the more frequently asked questions we have received regarding harmonics and the Harmonic Mitigating Transformer technology used to address them. ...
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Current-Sense Transformer Application Design Guidelines
From: Datatronics™Description: The standard for precise current measurement in instrumentation and other high reliability equipment applications has been the current sense transformer. They are accurate, easy to implement, and ...
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Measuring Transformer Distributed Capacitance
From: Datatronics™Description: This article is a general discussion of distributed capacitance, Cd, in transformers with emphasis on measurement. We will discuss how capacitance occurs, references to formula for calculating, how ...
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Temperature Specmanship and Selecting Power Inductors
From: Datatronics™Description: How many datasheets have we, as engineers, reviewed and all of the data we need is there? Well, if your experiences are like mine, very few times if at all. And to compound the problem the data listed ...
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Magnetic Component Alternate Sourcing Strategies
From: Datatronics™Description: Due to the complexities of circuit design and the highly customizable nature of magnetic components, such as transformers and inductors, they are often overlooked by OEMs when it comes to alternate or ...
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Design Guidelines - Thick Film Resistors and Patterned Substrates
Description: Guidelines apply to both Al2O3 and ALN (Aluminum Nitride) substrates unless otherwise noted. Dimensions are in inches unless otherwise stated. The above are guidelines only and not to be construed as ...
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Isolation Transformer to Perform Line Leakage or Functional Run Tests
From: Ikonix USADescription: Associated Research strongly recommends the use of an isolation transformer or isolated power source for powering up the Device Under Test (DUT) when performing the Line Leakage or Functional Run ...