Test and Measurement Equipment Reference Materials
Reference Articles 601 - 700 of 924
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Rheology of Foods: New Techniques, Capabilities, and Instruments
Description: The materials under investigation can range from low-viscosity fluids to semisolids and gels to hard, solid-like food products. A knowledge of the rheological and mechanical properties of various food ...
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Rheology of High-Performance Coatings
Description: Rheological phenomena are found in every coatings operation. Coatings, which are complex structured fluids, need to be characterized by their structures and flow properties in order to be applied ...
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Rheology: An Important Tool In Ink Development
Description: In this article, rheology is presented as a vehicle for the growth of the ink industry. The study and growth of inks dates back to 2500 B.C. Ink was invented by the Egyptians and Chinese in the first ...
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Sensitive Sunscreen Test: Rheological Tests Measure Linear Viscoelasticity to Analyze Lotion
Description: Rheological tests can determine how resistant lotion is to sun and friction. ...
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Squeeze Flow
Description: The behavior of polymers in extension is useful to study for many different polymer processes such as blown film extrusion and blow molding. The STRESSTECH and DYNALYSER rheometers can both be used to ...
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The Effect of UV Intensity on the Cure Profiles of Developing Networks
Description: UV radiation is successfully used for many photocuring applications. Determination and optimization of UV radiation is an important aspect of UV curing as it impacts material formulation, production ...
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The Rheology of Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Semi-Solids
Description: Pharmaceutical and cosmetic materials range in consistency from fluid to solid. Semisolid products are the most difficult materials to characterize rheologically because they combine both liquid and ...
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Gage Makers Tolerance Chart
Description: Diameter Tolerance Chart Reference (ANSI/ASME B89.1.5) ...
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Thread Gage Measurement - Calibration
Description: A thorough calibration of a parallel thread gage (internal or external) can be very time consuming, but with the proper instrument, it doesn't have to. ...
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Survival of the Fittest - The Process Control Imperative
From: RenishawDescription: In the face of international rivals, manufacturers need to constantly focus on their operating margins if they are to remain competitive. But what is the best way to tackle waste and boost profits? ...
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Safety Testing: Do More Than You Have To
From: Ikonix USADescription: As manufacturers design new products, they are challenged to make very certain that the product is safe. For some companies, this means simply being able to pass safety standards. But for some, more ...
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Omron Smart Homes and Buildings Solutions Improve Lives
From: Aratas America LLCDescription: At the heart of "smart" are relays, switches, connectors, sensors and advanced image sensing/human vision components that deliver energy savings, convenience, comfort and Internet of Things (IoT) ...
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Grenadine Viscosity Testing
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Viscosity is a significant concern in the Food & Beverage industry, because it affects product processing and packaging and may affect customer acceptance of a product. Viscosity is the resistance to ...
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8 Important Factors in Selecting Hardness Testers
Description: Consider these points as you seek out a hardness test system. ...
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Time vs. Conductivity as a Basis for Clean-in-Place Control Systems
From: Baumer Ltd.Description: The ability to clean the equipment used to manufacture food and beverages is an automatic and reliable process whereby cleaning solutions and water are used to clean the entire manufacturing system, ...
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Implement Calibration and Certification Accreditation for a Competitive Advantage
From: LANDDescription: Accredited certification increases customer confidence in the performance of the instrument under test and customer confidence in the accredited certification carried out. ...
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Effects of Using Different Wetting Fluids on Capillary Flow Porometer Results
From: Quantachrome InstrumentsDescription: The Washburn Equation is used in capillary flow porometry to define the relationship between the pressure at which expulsion of a wetted fluid occurs from a pore to the size of that pore. This ...
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Guide to Measuring Oil Chemistry: Nitration, Oxidation, and Sulfation
Description: An in-service lubricant encounters air, heat, pressure, corrosive agents, and other factors that cause chemical changes in the oil. A change in oil chemistry can affect the ability of the lubricant to ...
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Guide to Measuring TAN and TBN in Oil
Description: A high concentration of acidic compounds in a lubricant can lead to corrosion of machine parts and clogged oil filters due to the formation of varnish and sludge. When a lubricant breaks down, acidic ...
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Shedding New Light on Photocatalyst Performance Part 1: Surface Area and Pore Size Analysis
From: Quantachrome InstrumentsDescription: Life on earth would not be possible without the Sun's energy. Sunlight is in fact the ultimate source of renewable energy. It has been estimated that solar radiation delivers more energy to earth in ...
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What is Texture Profile Analysis?
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Texture profile analysis is the measurement and description of the textural properties of food. Texture can be measured by a trained sensory panel (organoleptic) or using specialized equipment ...
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Cold Energy
Description: In 1963, Cincinnati Sub-Zero Products, LLC. published a booklet entitled "Retained Austenite -Compression Block Studies Evaluate the Benefits of Sub-Zeroing". The contents were technical and attempted ...
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CSZ Refrigeration Retrofit Guidelines
Description: As CFC refrigerants are becoming more difficult to find for servicing existing equipment, and as they become more expensive, several CSZ customers have called us asking for guidelines to retrofit new ...
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Environmental Stress Screening
Description: Environmental Stress Screening (ESS) is a means of screening electronic assemblies at the most cost-effective point of manufacture to expose defects that can't be detected by visual inspection or ...
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Chamber Maintenance Tips
Description: You must make sure to complete comprehensive chamber maintenance to help ensure the performance and longevity of your testing chamber. This article describes an environmental test chamber maintenance ...
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Considering the Product in the Chamber
Description: It is important to inform the chamber manufacturer of the type of product being test in the chamber. However, if all the details are not given to the chamber manufacturer, the resulting selection may ...
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Environmental Testing Terminology
Description: A glossary of common environmental testing terms. ...
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Improving Product Reliability Through HALT and HASS Testing
Description: HALT and HASS technology uses a combination of accelerated stresses to expose product flaws early in the design and manufacturing stages. ...
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Mitigating Risks of Battery Testing in Environmental Test Chambers
Description: We will briefly review the various types of batteries along with the qualifications tests that are performed. In product research and development, testing becomes a critical component. Mitigating ...
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Points to Consider When Purchasing and Installing Environmental Chambers
Description: A distinction between test chambers is the temperature range in which the chamber will operate. Most manufacturers have a standard high temperature range of 177°C to 190°C (350°F to 375°F) for ...
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Selecting an Environmental Test Chamber
Description: Your company has just developed a new product, and now it is your job to select an environmental chamber to test it. ...
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Test Chamber Move-In and Installation Checklist
Description: Some potential items to consider when moving your new test chamber into your facility along with items to review for installation. ...
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Types of Chamber Cooling Systems
Description: Expendable refrigerants are liquid/gases that can be injected directly into the space being cooled or into heat exchangers, similar to mechanical systems. As the liquid enters the chamber (directly or ...
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Understanding Humidity in Environmental Test Chambers
Description: Humidity is probably one of the most misunderstood topics when it comes to environmental test chambers. This is due to the fact that Relative Humidity percentage is temperature specific. For example, ...
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Water Cooled Test Chamber Information
Description: Why do CSZ's larger test chambers need cooling water? The water is used to cool the large capacity refrigeration systems at its condenser (where the refrigerant changes phase from a gas to a ...
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Problems on the Fill Line
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Filling consumer containers is one of the major operations in most food plants that process liquid and semisolid food products. Experience oftentimes is the guiding force in deciding what will work ...
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Solar PV Testing: A White Paper
From: Thermotron IndustriesDescription: The time is now for clean, renewable energy technologies. Favorable government tax credits, a decreased dependency upon oil, and the need to stimulate the economy are just three of the planets that ...
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Simple Physics of Powder Density in Gravity Discharge
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Powder at rest can be deceiving. Spread out on a horizontal surface, the particles may look perfectly flowable because they move easily to the touch. Put the powder into a container and its behavior ...
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4 Ways Controlling Temperature Can Avoid Customer Rejects
Description: In our post, Why Customer Returns are the Worst for Can Makers, we noted that: "A single rejected lot of cans can cost a manufacturer 30 to 50 times the profit made on that sale, or more!" That's a ...
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Four Keys to Eliminating Liner Inconsistency from Environmental Variations
Description: In our post, Why Your Liner Quality Changes from Shift-to-Shift and Season-to- Season, we noted: "Modern temperature control technologies now make it possible to control the temperature of your ...
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Stabilizing Compound Temperature: The Secret to Liner Placement Consistency
Description: In our post, Temperature Variations Cause Inconsistent Liner Placement, we "proved" that compound temperature and placement are related - by using the transitive property from our old high-school ...
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The Comfort of Reduced HFI's
Description: In our post, Why Customer Returns are the Worst for Can Makers, we compared various industry return issues - including the automotive industry with its recent spate of recalls - and noted that can ...
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The Interaction Between Temperature, Pressure, Liner Weight, and Placement
Description: In our recent blog, Can Liner Weight Variations Impact Quality, Delivery, and Cost Structure, we noted that the two most important criteria in evaluating liner performance are: Throughout this series, ...
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The One Key Variable to Control to Reduce Liner HFI's
Description: It seems intuitively obvious that HFI's (Holds for Inspection) are the result of variation(s) in the process that drive critical specifications out of tolerance. ...
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Three Keys to Getting Older Liners to Hold Tight Placement
Description: If you've been experiencing problems with placement and your stationary liners are older, you may be thinking that replacing them is the only solution. You also likely dread the capital investment, ...
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What is a Binding Post?
From: bisco industriesDescription: Initially invented by the General Radio Corporation of Cambridge, MA, binding posts are commonly used in test fixtures for wire termination. ...
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PMI - Comparing Two Test Methods
From: PyromationDescription: With Positive Material Identification (PMI) the alloy composition, and thus, the identity of materials can be determined. If a material certificate is missing or/and you need to be certain about the ...
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Rotronic - Calibration, a Critical Success Factor for Mapping
Description: One of the biggest decisions to be made for a mapping study is deciding about a pre-mapping calibration or a check of an instruments current calibration and a post mapping calibration check. A ...
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About Gage Blocks
From: Inspec Inc.Description: Gage blocks are a staple of machine shops, measurement labs, factories, and anywhere else a precision measurement reference is needed. Gage blocks (or "gauge" blocks) can serve as a simple go/nogo ...
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Viscosity Conversion Table
Description: Perform accurate viscosity conversions with this set of comprehensive Norcross Viscosity Conversion Tables and Viscosity Monitoring & Control Application Notes. ...
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Precision of Viscosity Measurements
Description: The basic measurement unit of viscosity is centipoise. Most methods of measuring viscosity depend on a direct relationship to centipoise units for their validity. In the case of most processes ...
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Does D445 Require Use of a Full Length Capillary Tube?
Description: Labs are sometimes under the mistaken impression that modern, automated viscometers that use shorter capillary tubes are out of compliance with ASTM D445/ASTM D446. ...
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Let's Go Fishing
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: A popular worldwide sport is the love for fishing. It is also provides a necessary source of food and nutrition for many. The use of live bait on the fish hook - worms, eels, small pieces of fish - is ...
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An Introduction to Angle Beam Assemblies
From: Evident ScientificDescription: Angle beam assemblies, consisting of a transducer and a wedge, are extremely important to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, commonly used in a wide variety of weld inspection ...
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An Introduction to Ultrasonic Transducers for Nondestructive Testing
From: Evident ScientificDescription: The high-frequency sound waves used for flaw detection and thickness gaging in ultrasonic nondestructive testing applications are generated and received by small probes called ultrasonic transducers. ...
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Application Considerations in Specifying High Frequency Ultrasonic Transducers
From: Evident ScientificDescription: Advances in transducer manufacturing technology and associated instrument electronics have led to the introduction of commercial products that provide the capability for ultrasonic imaging, thickness ...
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Defect Sizing in Pipeline Welds - What Can We Really Achieve?
From: Evident ScientificDescription: Pipelines are now using Fitness-For-Service (FFS) for accept/reject of weld defects. FFS requires accurate measurement of defect height for Fracture Mechanics assessments. The standard pipeline weld ...
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Detection and Sizing Techniques of ID Connected Cracking
From: Evident ScientificDescription: This paper provides a brief summary of advanced detection and sizing techniques for the evaluation of flaws connected to the inner surface of test material. In general, these techniques have found ...
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Eddy Current Probes and Application Guide
From: Evident ScientificDescription: This paper is intended to provide information to help the user in selecting the right E.C. probe(s) for a given inspection. Using this data, best results will be achieved by optimizing the frequency ...
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Important Characteristics of Sound Fields of Ultrasonic Transducers
From: Evident ScientificDescription: Throughout the literature concerned with ultrasonic transducers and their characteristics, a variety of notations and symbols has been used. What follows is an attempt to provide a useful set of ...
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Intro to Ultrasonic Phased Array
From: Evident ScientificDescription: Many people are familiar with the medical applications of ultrasonic imaging, in which high frequency sound waves are used to create highly detailed cross-sectional pictures of internal organs. ...
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Introduction to Eddy Current Testing
From: Evident ScientificDescription: Magnetism, the underlying principle behind electric motors and generators, relays and stereo speakers, is also the force that enables an important category of NDT tools called eddy current ...
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Miscellaneous Ultrasonic Applications
From: Evident ScientificDescription: While a majority of the applications for ultrasonic nondestructive testing fall into a few well-known categories, the range of possibilities for the technology is large and new tests are constantly ...
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Multi-mode Adhesive Bond Testing
From: Evident ScientificDescription: Adhesive-bonded components and structures have become an important part of manufacturing, not only in the aerospace industry but also in the automotive, wood-based panel, and marine industries. The ...
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Surface Roughness
From: Evident ScientificDescription: Surface roughness indicates the state of a machined surface. For example, when representing the surface of a component, surface roughness can be examined by eye or rubbed with a fingertip. Expressions ...
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Theory and Application of Precision Ultrasonic Thickness Gaging
From: Evident ScientificDescription: Ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT) - a method of characterizing material thickness, integrity, or other physical properties by means of high frequency sound waves -- is a widely used technique ...
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Theory and Use of Curved Surface Correction (CSC) Software in Olympus NDT EPOCH Series Flaw Detectors
From: Evident ScientificDescription: Contemporary digital ultrasonic flaw detectors calculate commonly used parameters for reflector position in angle beam testing, typically including sound path length, flaw depth, surface distance, and ...
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Ultrasonic Flaw Detection
From: Evident ScientificDescription: Of all the applications of industrial ultrasonic testing, flaw detection is the oldest and the most common. Since the 1940s, the laws of physics that govern the propagation of sound waves through ...
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Ultrasonic Thickness Gaging
From: Evident ScientificDescription: Ultrasonic thickness gaging is a widely used nondestructive test technique for measuring the thickness of a material from one side. It is fast, reliable, and versatile, and unlike a micrometer or ...
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Ultrasonic Transducers Technical Notes (PDF Brochure)
From: Evident ScientificDescription: The Technical Notes section is designed to provide a brief overview of the ultrasonic principles important to transducer application and design. The Technical Notes are organized in the following ...
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AdBlue®/DEF: Refractometric Analysis
From: Anton PaarDescription: AdBlue®, also known as DEF, is an aqueous urea solution. It lowers nitrogen oxides in diesel emissions. International standards demand that refractive index be measured for the determination of ...
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Consistency of Margarine and Other Edible Fats
From: Anton PaarDescription: The Penetrometer PNR 12 is suitable for consistency measurements required in the food industry. Various accessories and test kits according to the AOCS and the Unilever method are available for edible ...
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Identifying Three Different Particle Sizes in One Sample With DLS
From: Anton PaarDescription: Particle suspensions often contain more than one size of particle. However, many particle analyzers cannot resolve particle mixtures, instead they detect an average of all sizes. The Litesizer™ ...
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Nanoparticles for Ceramics: Size, Stability & pH
From: Anton PaarDescription: n nanoparticle suspensions that will be used in ceramics, particle size and stability are of vital importance. Suspension stability is essential to ensure that the particles to stay in suspension, and ...
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Preventing Bitumen Surface Skin
From: Anton PaarDescription: ASTM D92 Appendix X1 describes a technique to prevent the surface skin formation when testing the flash point of asphalts with an open cup flash point tester like CLA 5. ...
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Quality Control in Drugs
From: Anton PaarDescription: Polarimeters are essential in drug quality control to ensure the enantiomeric purity and therefore efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs. ...
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Hamburger Tenderness: Recommended QC Test Method
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Ground beef in a round disc-like shape called "patty" is a popular dinner choice in many countries. Known as "hamburger" in the USA and "wimpy" in the UK where it comes in a bread bun or as ...
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Texture Analysis for Assessing Meat Tenderness
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: The quality of meat is determined by a number of factors that affect palatability (tenderness, juiciness and flavour). Such factors include the degree of maturity, colour of lean, texture, and finally ...
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Factory Certificates As Proof Of Reliability!
From: LufftUSADescription: Reliability should not be overlooked in weather measuring equipment. What is the best approach to ensure that weather stations continue to perform well and provide accurate measurement data? ...
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Top 3 Thing You Should Know About Mass Standards
From: Inspec Inc.Description: What class are mass standards? There are 3 primary classification standards: NIST, ASTM and OIML. ...
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In-Situ Calibration - Methods & Pitfalls of Thermal Mass Flow Meter Sensor Field Validation
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: Mid-to-large size facilities and campuses inevitably have hundreds of ow instruments to monitor, maintain, and repair. For a reliability engineer, ensuring that all instrumentation meets ISO 9000 or ...
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Application: Hotel Card Reader - Reed Sensor
Description: Card readers have come under increased use in hotels and a host of other card detection activities. With the dramatic increase in use, the quality and reliability have become big factors in shaping ...
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Application: In-The-Canal Hearing Aids - Reed Sensor
Description: Hearing aids are just that. They allow a person to better hear sounds and speech. Strange as it may seem to those that hear perfectly, people with hearing disabilities don't like to advertise their ...
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Breakthrough Curves on Carbon Molecular Sieves - Experiment and Modeling
From: Quantachrome InstrumentsDescription: Carbon molecular sieves (CMS) are widely used for the refinement of biogas to biomethane [1]. This application is based on kinetic separation due to size selective adsorption in Pressure Swing ...
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Super-ambient Pressure Gas Separation Studies Using Breakthrough System Coupled With Mass Spectrometer
From: Quantachrome InstrumentsDescription: The investigation of separation performance of porous materials is very important for evaluation of such materials for separation processes. The separation of methane and carbon dioxide was studied on ...
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Millmate Thickness Gauging Systems - Calibration Procedures for Strip Gauging
Description: Many strip producers struggle with the preparation and calibration of the large number of plates needed for radiometric gauges. This white paper discusses calibration plate preparation and provides an ...
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Health Bars - A Confectionary Challenge
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Manufacturers of health bars want their customer to feel that the eating experience can be as exciting as a scrumptious chocolate candy bar. Therefore the ingredients that they use for flavorings and ...
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Position Statement on CRI and Colour Quality Metrics
Description: CIE Lighting Quality & Energy Efficiency Conference, March 3 to 5, 2016, Melbourne, Australia. Followed by Divisions 2, 4 & 5 Annual Meetings, March 7 to 9, 2016. The Colour Rendering Index (CRI), ...
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Bioceramics: Synthetic Options
From: Quantachrome InstrumentsDescription: From outerspace to innerspace, ceramics are perhaps the most fascinating group of materials. And they are used to repair broken bodies. ...
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Porous Problems: Ceramics and Structural Materials
From: Quantachrome InstrumentsDescription: Porosity is one of those properties with "kill or cure" effectiveness. In the right hands, in the right product, it confers exquisite performance. In the wrong hands or inappropriate application it ...
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Static-Control Methods
From: Terra Universal, Inc.Description: A technical review of the advantages and applications of static neutralizing ionization equipment, static-dissipative materials, and Faraday-cage cabinets. ...
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A Day in the Life of a Battery in New York City
From: BTECH, Inc.Description: Are you monitoring your battery impedance based on initial or average measurements? If your answer is the latter, you may be putting your battery performance at risk when it's needed the most - during ...
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Automatic shear cell testing of bathced bulk solid materials
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: A simple bulk density test is important for predicting a bulk solid material's flow characteristics, but it doesn't provide all of the material's relevant flow information. This article discusses the ...
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A Few Facts Pertaining to the Low Pressure Performance of a Mercury Intrusion Porosimeter
From: MicromeriticsDescription: The low pressure range of a mercury porosimeter is used to characterize the larger end of the pore size range. Most manufacturers also use the low pressure module to initially fill the penetrometer ...
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Advances in structure measurements of carbon black.
From: MicromeriticsDescription: The carbon black industry has been using a term known as "structure" since the 1940s to describe one of the most important properties of carbon black. Structure, a term that describes the fusion of ...
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An Introduction to Chemical Adsorption Analytical Techniques and Methods
From: MicromeriticsDescription: This article is a condensed version of a more comprehensive article titled "Chemical Adsorption," as an Analytical Technique, available on Micromeritics' web site, www.micromeritics.com. ...
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Electric Motor Testing
Description: The 108A-6 equipped with Option 03, (6 analog inputs, 2 digital inputs, and 12 outputs) performs all required measurements for motor testing. ...
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Using free radicals to monitor engine oil age
Description: This application note describes the evolution of free radicals in engine oil due to normal usage in a conventional gasoline engine. It also discusses briefly the process for sampling and determining ...
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Environmental Test Chambers 101
From: Terra Universal, Inc.Description: For decades, environmental test chambers have been used to study products with countless applications in fields such as aerospace, artificial intelligence, automotive, electronics, solar cell, ...
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What are the Benefits of an Auto-Adjustable Table Versus a Chair?
From: Terra Universal, Inc.Description: For professionals with jobs that center around a work station, desk or computer, investing in quality furniture promoting health and productivity is important. Choose furniture that is comfortable for ...