Product and Material Testing Reference Materials

Description: This application note describes the evolution of free radicals in engine oil due to normal usage in a conventional gasoline engine. It also discusses briefly the process for sampling and determining ...

Description: For professionals with jobs that center around a work station, desk or computer, investing in quality furniture promoting health and productivity is important. Choose furniture that is comfortable for ...

Description: For a long time the measuring of the particle size distribution has been an utilized technology, based on the for a 100 years well understood scattering of light on small particles. The commercial use ...

Description: The sieve analysis is due to good reason no ICC- standard method, because it can not be standardized. Two steps are processed in trying to improve the reproducibility of a sieve analysis of flour. A ...

Description: Detailed dispersion tips. ...

Description: Results from multiple analytical techniques, comparing the results of a decaf coffee to a caffeinated brand. ...

Description: The most widely accepted direct method for analyzing fuel dilution in lubricants is Gas Chromatography (GC) according to ASTM methods D3524, D3525, and more recently, D7593.1-3 Other conventional ...

Description: For those of you who work with any analytical/lab or process instruments, you know that staying in compliance with global regulations has become burdensome in the past decade. Everyone is fixated on ...

Description: Three recent fiery derailments of trains transporting crude oil from the Bakken Shale formation in North Dakota have attracted the attention of the federal government as well as the petroleum ...

Description: This paper describes a new machine condition measurement system which combines particle count data and elemental analysis information in two closely interlinked measurement phases. This machine ...

Description: Why do some machines fail early, while others operate for many additional years. Generally, eight mechanisms lead to component failures in industrial machinery: abrasion, corrosion, fatigue, boundary ...

Description: Lubricants are the life blood of oil wetted machinery. As an important element of predictive maintenance technologies, in-service oil analysis can provide trace information about machine wear ...

Description: This article examines the flow behavior of nutraceutical powders, the proper test method for defining their flow parameters, and the implementation of fast and accurate QC checks that ensure a smooth ...

Description: Maintaining capsule integrity is an important requirement for established pharmaceutical manufacturers who want happy customers. Ensuring delivery of capsules and tablets to the recipient in tact and ...

Description: Procaine is a local anaesthetic - an ester type - which is used very seldom today as a local anaesthetic, since much more effective and more deeply penetrating substances like for example lidocaine ...

Description: The development of below sea level deposits offshore the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula was influenced by the variation of the continental ice shield and the amount of ice in the ocean, which ...

Description: Microscopic small glass spheres can be used for a many of applications: in mechanical engineering as an abrasion deterring element in grating components, in micro electronic mechanics as an adjusting ...

Description: The majority of all drugs have to - in order to unfold their full effectiveness - reach the bloodstream. Read details about particle size determination in this area. ...

Description: Important and always current is the analysis of lead in toys for children. Details about the effective sample comminution with FRITSCH Mills. ...

Description: Laser Scattering - How does it work? For a long time the measuring of the particle size distribution has been an utilized technology, based on the for a 100 years well understood scattering of light ...

Description: Milling cutters and drill bits are used for processing various materials. Depending on their intended application, they are made from different cemented carbide alloys. In order to determine the ...

Description: Every day, we use countless switches in a wide range of environments. Consider a morning routine: turning on the light in a humid bathroom, starting up the coffee maker, turning on/off the outdoor ...

Description: In today's hectic world, there are few people who can do without a wristwatch. The importance of this "cultural companion" has also changed in recent decades. For some, it just tells the time, helping ...

Description: Sometimes, due to injury or disease, load bearing joints such as knees or hips must be replaced with artificial orthopaedics. Such surgeries are not only extremely painful but also expensive and ...

Description: The Petrochemical industry has refined technological developments to improve product quality. One, inparticular, is the ability to measure trace impurities at extremely low levels. This is a crucial ...

Description: This application note discusses the use of FTIR to monitor the curing kinetics of cyanoacrylate adhesives. ...

Description: This note describes the technique and use of small amplitude oscillatory rheometry to measure viscometric properties of polymer solutions and melts, including dynamic modulus, relaxation time, linear ...

Description: Various techniques to measure yield stress using conventional shear rheometry are discussed & compared. ...

Description: Characterizing any material for flow behavior involves testing it over a range of shear rates relevant to how it is processed in manufacturing or how it is used by the consumer. Ointments, for ...

Description: Names can be confusing. Some of the names for leak test methods or test types have their roots in certain industries. When we refer to these leak tests, we are really referring to what we are testing ...

Description: Formulating new products in the pharmaceutical world oftentimes requires working with small sample volumes. Therefore the viscosity measurement method requires an apparatus that can work effectively ...

Description: The number of parts tested per hour (throughput) is a major challenge facing production and test engineers. Multiple parts are often connected to a common test port using a manifold in the attempt to ...

Description: The number of parts tested per hour (throughput) is a major challenge facing production and test engineers. Multiple parts are often connected to a common test port using a manifold in the attempt to ...

Description: Coming up with ways to quickly connect products to test instruments and still maintain leak-tight seals is a common challenge facing test engineers. ...

Description: When conducting multiple tests using different test pressures, operators face the problem of constantly adjusting manual air pressure regulator. ...

Description: Production and test engineers often know the leak rate of product in bubbles per minute, but do not have an accurate way to convert bubbles to more universal ? ow numbers such as cubic centimeters per ...

Description: When using test instruments with automated machines, it is often necessary to place the tester as close as possible to the test head or to run pressure tubing to the measuring instrument. ...

Description: Manufacturers of solid-state pressure transducers face a demanding task when testing this kind of electro-mechanical product. The test typically must measure the transducer output in millivolts at a ...

Description: A variety of products must be leak tested by subjecting them to vacuum (negative pressure). ...

Description: Products such as one-way valves are often built to open at a certain pressure. Product and test engineers need to know at what pressure the valve starts to open (cracking pressure) and if the valve ...

Description: Products such as catheter balloons, one-way valves, and pressure relief devices often need to be tested to determine or verify the exact pressure at which the product either opens by design or ...

Description: Manufacturers of multi-lumen catheters face a demanding task when testing them. The test typically checks each lumen in the catheter to make certain nothing leaks. Each passageway must also be tested ...

Description: In certain manufacturing situations, it may be desirable, or necessary, to automatically collect the information produced during product testing such as total parts tested, number of failures, and ...

Description: Products such as one-way valves are often designed to open at a certain pressure. Production and test engineers need to know at precisely what pressure the valve starts to open (cracking pressure ...

Description: Drug delivery devices typically have an inlet and outlet port, a ?ow restrictor, and a valve to bypass the restrictor. Makers and suppliers of these devices must ensure correct operation and ...

Description: Manufacturers face a demanding task when testing products that have multiple parts or multiple cavities. The test typically must check each part or pathway to make certain nothing leaks. ...

Description: One of the most challenging tasks facing production and test engineers is how to quickly detect leaks in products that have a large volume (typically greater than 1 liter). ...

Description: Products frequently need to be evaluated for correct ?ow rate to ensure the passage of air through devices being tested. ...

Description: Many devices are constructed with passages that must remain open if the product is to function normally when used. During the manufacturing process, it is sometimes possible to inadvertently create a ...

Description: High-pressure air is frequently required to operate external clamping devices used to seal the product under test. In other situations, high pressure air is used to in? ate the product itself. ...

Description: Test and production engineers are often faced with the task of detecting leaks in products quickly, accurately, and inexpensively. ...

Description: Nowadays, top priority of petrochemical industries is to detect impurities at extremely low levels to conform to stringent government regulations, protecting expensive catalysts, and ensuring product ...

Description: This Application Note discusses two different volumetric flow rate equations and their limitations. The note also cites a recent study done by a car radiator manufacturer that reaffirmed the 4 cc/min ...

Description: Temperature effects are a significant consideration while testing for leaks using pressure or flow measurement techniques. There are two sources of temperature effects; adiabatic, the effect of ...

Description: Pharmaceutical manufacturers have plenty to worry about when producing formulated products consistently within spec. Focus on active ingredients demands the greatest attention because the major ...

Description: The ability of matter, to transmit light waves, is specified as transparency. If "something positioned behind something" can be relatively clearly recognizable, normally the material is considered ...

Description: Particle sizes of chocolate and chocolate products strongly influence the mouthfeel of the chocolate product - a very small particle size would produce a "smooth" sensation in the mouth. To achieve ...

Description: Laser diffraction - for quick and dependable determination of the particle size. Areas of application cover practically all branches of industry. For example, laser diffraction can be found in the ...

Description: Production operations run smoothly when liquid dosing works according to plan. This means that the mixing process blends the formulation in correct proportion and the fill process executes with ...

Description: The most popular dosage form in the pharmaceutical industry is the compressed tablet. Fully two-thirds of all prescriptions are dispensed as a solid dosage form and half of these are compressed ...

Description: Jet fuel is frequently shipped in multi-use pipelines and distribution containers. There is high risk of crosscontamination by fatty acid methyl esters (FAMES) from biodiesel residue adherence to ...

Description: The complex nature of crude oil demands analytical solutions and instrumental methods that will separate and identify the complex chemical profile as well as characterize key chemical functional group ...

Description: The growth in packaging across many consumer markets has created the need for testing the integrity of packaging materials. Resistance to crushing and burst strength are examples of parameters that ...

Description: organizations in the mobile, stationary and consumer products field. Abuse tests are conducted to establish the reaction of cells, modules or batteries to conditions exceeding those expected to be ...

Description: A significant part of the UK food industry is moving from artificial colours towards natural alternatives. However, natural colours are less stable and more expensive. The lack of stability can be a ...

Description: Packaging for consumable goods must provide product protection. PET bottles, cans, and cartons have to withstand the compressive forces incurred during handling, transportation, and storage. ...

Description: Achieving third-party certification for your organization's product(s) and/or management system(s) is an important step in gaining a competitive advantage, while realizing market access and success. ...

Description: Phosphorous, the concentration of which significantly influences the mechanical and magnetic properties of a coating, is incorporated when using typical methods for electroless or chemical deposition ...

Description: It is critical for manufacturers and distributors of many products to be able to detect harmful substances. Various regulations, such as RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances), DIN EN 71 (Safety ...

Description: chemical resistanace guide ...

Description: Ionic liquids are employed as powerful, environmentally neutral solvents and as electrically conducting fluids. Due to exact viscosity determination with the Lovis 2000 M/ME microviscometer essential ...

Description: The company wished to perform a compression test on the tamper evident ring, which could measure the maximum force used to â push it offâ the cap. As the tamper-evident closures are fitted onto ...

Description: The Aircraft Wheels and Brakes department at British Airways Plc are responsible for the repair and overhaul of the aircraft brake units on the Boeing 737, 747, 757, 777 and Airbus A319, A320 and A321 ...

Description: Take as a case study the detection of one impurity: arsine in olefins. Even at low ppb levels, arsine can adversely affect certain polymerization catalyst properties and also lead to polymer ...

Description: Over the last decade, the importance of detecting sulphur in petroleum-related products has increased dramatically. This is likely related to the necessity of complying with increasingly stringent ...

Description: Halogenated hydrocarbons and hydro halogenated compounds are found in a wide variety of chemical, petrochemical and refinery processes. Interest in detecting the total of these types of compounds ...

Description: Producers of high purity monomers (ethylene) have identified the need to measure the presence of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) at very low PPB levels, and take steps to avoid potentially hazardous ...

Description: Atmospheric pressure plasma jets and its applications for material processing and biomedical treatment are of main interest recently in nonthermal plasma research [1]. Normally this kind of plasmas is ...

Description: Food and beverage manufacturers run viscosity tests on all kinds of products, ranging from relatively thin water-like juices and soft drinks, to sauces with variable flow behavior, thick creams and ...

Description: Mercury intrusion porosimetry is one of only a few analytical techniques that permits an analyst to acquire data over such a broad dynamic range using a single theoretical model. Mercury porosimetry ...

Description: Elementary vs Fine Particles: The question embodied in the title might seem strange until you consider the many different ways particles play a part in science and engineering. For example, if you do ...

Description: In the literature, tens of shape parameters enable the morphology of particles to be characterised. One of the difficulties in morphological analysis resides in the choice of the shape parameter the ...

Description: Particle size analysis is based on the inversion of a diffusion matrix, the resolution of which is based on theories stemming from the equations of Maxwell. The Fraunhofer approximation and the Mie ...

Description: Many analytical methods exist for the characterization of products manufactured in the pharmaceutical industry. Measuring the size and shape of particles or emulsions is undoubtedly one of the ...

Description: CILAS Dry mode measurements use a new dispersion technology called Dry Jet Dispersion (DJD). This technology provides you with: - high dispersion efficiency, - great reproducibility. The DJD ...

Description: Silicon carbide (SiC) has physical and chemical properties suited to the most demanding industries. Its use is therefore very widespread, not just in electronics on account of its wide band ...

Description: Water is not a particulate contaminant and doesn't significantly affect engine normal performances. But because of the chance of rusting when water stays in contact with steel walls of components ...

Description: In order to drill a successful oil well, most drilling operators will use a good drilling fluid or mud (figure 1). Mud cools and lubricates the drilling tool, helps to attack the rock by injection ...

Description: The consumer success of chocolate is due to its recognised appeal to the taste buds, but also to the particle size of each of the ingredients. This is an important factor in the manufacturing process ...

Description: 80% of manufacturing processes include at least one reaction of catalysis. The applications of the catalyst are very widespread : chemical (selective hydrogenations and oxidations by catalytic and ...

Description: The photovoltaic effect is the ability of certain materials, particularly semi-conductors, to transform luminous energy into electricity. Since last five years, the need of photovoltaic cells is ...

Description: Some industries require strict control of particle size and particle shape in order to manufacture high quality products. These industries can benefit from the use of a particle size analyzer that can ...

Description: Different characterization principles are used to measure the size of polymeric microspheres. Let us first discuss the microscopic techniques that are based on the direct observation of a sample. One ...

Description: Polycrystalline microstructures can be well imaged using maps reconstructed from orientation data collected by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). These ...

Description: Twin boundaries have unique properties relative to other types of boundaries. Some of these properties increase the strength and inhibit stress corrosion cracking of the material. Others improve ...

Description: During the austenite to martensite phase transformation varying numbers of product martensite grains with different crystallographic orientations can be obtained from one single austenite parent ...

Description: Fracture mechanics is well established to model the propagation of a crack in a continuum. However, the mechanisms by which a crack is nucleated are not well understood. The heterogeneous deformation ...

Description: Archaeometry is the application of scientific techniques developed for the physical and biological sciences to archaeology. Electron Backscatter Diffraction or EBSD has become relatively common in the ...

Description: High-deformation processing has been shown to produce an ultra-fine grain size in metallic materials. The resulting increase in strength is highly desirable for many metals. One such processing method ...

Description: Coupled with an Energy Dispersive x-ray System (EDS), the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is often used to analyze trace evidence. Automated identification of gun shot residue is an excellent ...