Software Enabled Control

Chapter 19 - The Outlook For Software-Enabled Control

Control engineering has been ahead of its time over the last few decades.
Our journals and conference proceedings are replete with sophisticated
theories and algorithms, with analysis and simulations testifying to their
potential for dramatically improving the dynamical behavior of complex
physical systems. Yet, too often, these results have remained on the bookshelf.
The new ideas are just too complicated, we’ve been told, for implementation
in production avionics and other real-time automation and control
systems. Indeed, in aerospace and many other high-technology domains, even
the transition from analog to digital control or from mechanical to electronic
systems has a relatively recent provenance (e.g., fly-by-wire didn’t appear in
commercial aircraft until the late 1980s).

Developments in software and computing are rapidly changing the automation
landscape, and societal and economic pressures are dictating research
into new, ‘‘software-enabled,’’ capabilities. In the military aerospace
arena, the new watchword is autonomy. Unpiloted aircraft have existed for
decades, but they have been limited to preprogrammed or remotely controlled
operation. Today, we seek to imbue them with intelligence. With little
or no communication with or instructions from humans, an uninhabited
autonomous vehicle (UAV) should be able to execute high-performance
maneuvers, dynamically adapt its route, detect and evade threats, identify
and compensate for faults, undertake takeoffs and landings, tolerate extreme
environmental variations, and perform other functions that have hitherto
always been assumed to require manual supervision, if not manual operation.
Although much previous research in control and related fields has addressed
such functions, in the absence of a sufficiently powerful automation and
control infrastructure this work has had a theoretical rather than a practical
orientation.

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