Audio Power Amplifier Design Handbook, Fourth Edition

Chapter 3: The General Principles of Power Amplifiers

How a Generic Amplifier Works

Figure 3.1 shows a very conventional power amplifier circuit; it is as standard as possible. A great deal has been written about this configuration, though the subtlety and quiet effectiveness of the topology are usually overlooked, and the explanation below therefore touches on several aspects that seem to be almost unknown. The circuit has the merit of being docile enough to be made into a functioning amplifier by someone who has only the sketchiest of notions as to how it works.


Figure 3.1: (a) A conventional Class-B power amp circuit, (b) With small-signal Class-A output emitter follower replacing Class-B output to make a model amplifier

The input differential pair implements one of the few forms of distortion cancellation that can be relied upon to work reliably without adjustment this is because the transconductance of the input pair is determined by the physics of transistor action rather than matching of ill-defined parameters such as beta; the logarithmic relation between lc and Vbe is proverbially accurate over some eight or nine decades of current variation.

The voltage signal at the Voltage Amplifier Stage (hereafter VAS) transistor base is typically a couple of millivolts, looking rather like a distorted triangle wave. Fortunately the voltage here is of little more than academic interest, as the circuit topology essentially consists of a transconductance amp (voltage-difference input to current output) driving into a transresistance (current-to-voltage converter) stage. In the first case the exponential Vbe/lc law is straightened out by...

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