1 Knowledge: The Strategic Imperative, symposium sponsored by Arthur Andersen and the American Productivity and Quality Center, Houston (September 1995).

2 These examples are taken from a database of cases that has been created by the author synthesizing information from a wide range of sources including case studies from The Journal of Knowledge Management, Knowledge Management (Ark Publishing), Knowledge Management (Freedom Technology Media Group), Knowledge Management (Learned Information), Knowledge Inc!, Knowledge Review and several conference proceedings, including 'Most Admired Knowledge Enterprises 1999', Business Intelligence, London (May 1999) and Knowledge Summit '99, Business Intelligence, London (November 1999).

3 Annual Knowledge Management Survey 1999, KPMG (March 2000).

4 Knowledge Networking: Creating the Collaborative Enterprise, David J. Skyrme, pp. 49 59 (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999).

5 Knowledge Networking, ch. 2.

6 Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know, Thomas H. Davenport and Laurence Prusak (Harvard Business School Press, 1998).

7 The Knowledge Evolution: Expanding Organizational Intelligence, Verna Alle (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997).

8 The New Organizational Wealth: Managing and Measuring Knowledge-based Assets, Karl Erik Sveiby (Berrett-Koehler, 1997).

9 The distinction was first clearly articulated for knowledge managers in The Knowledge-Creating Company, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hirotaka Takeuchi (Oxford University Press, 1995). The concept of tacit knowledge was described in The Tacit Dimension, Michael Polyani (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966). An introductory extract from this work can be found in Chapter 7 of Knowledge in Organizations, ed. Laurence Prusak (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997).

10 'Communities...