TABLE OF CONTENTS When using numerical relays it is necessary to provide a suitable method for handling the relay logic capabilities, which should include blocks with control inputs, virtual outputs, and hardware outputs. A group of logic equations defining the function of the multifunction relay is called a logic scheme.
Numerical relays can be configured to suit a particular specification by defining the operating settings (pick-up thresholds and time delays) of the individual protection and control functions. Operating settings and logic settings are interdependent, but separately programmed functions. Changing logic settings is similar to rewiring a panel, and is used for managing the input, output, protection, control, monitoring and reporting capabilities of multifunction protection relay systems. Each relay system has multiple, normally-contained function blocks that have all of the inputs and outputs of its discrete component counterpart. Each independent function block interacts with control inputs, virtual outputs, and hardware outputs based on logic variables defined in equation form with relay logic. Relay logic equations entered and saved in the relay system's nonvolatile memory integrate the selected or enabled protection in order to provide the operating settings that control the relay pick-up threshold and time delay values.
Digital systems are constructed by using three basic logic gates. These gates are designated AND, OR and NOT. There also exist other logical gates, such as the NAND and EOR gates. The basic operations and logic gate symbols are summarised in Figure...
