Network Tutorial, Fifth Edition
This text is written for those trying to get up to speed or stay current with the complex challenges of designing, constructing, maintaining, upgrading, and managing the network infrastructure.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Network Tutorial, Fifth Edition
Section IV: Network and Transport Layer Protocols
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Just about everyone in the networking industry talks about interoperability; the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), in the guise of the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) project, actually did something about it when it created the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) family of networking protocols.
TCP/IP is the DOD's answer to connecting its rapidly proliferating and widely dissimilar computers and networks into a loosely associated wide area network (now called the Internet). TCP/IP is the DOD's vehicle for providing distributed computing capabilities across a large area.
TCP/IP might also be called the less talented but still much in demand ugly stepsister to the International Standards Organization's (ISO) Open System Interconnection (OSI) protocols. Though the OSI protocols were designed to dominate the computer environment, TCP/IP remains the central piece in the complex interoperability puzzle.
A Plenitude Of Protocols
As its two-part name implies, TCP/IP encompasses more than one protocol. It includes a range of protocols that provide distinct services and capabilities necessary for communication between and control of otherwise incompatible computers and networks. In addition to the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), these include the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), and the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
Other protocols within the TCP/IP family are the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), the Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP), the Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP), and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). IP, TCP, FTP, SMTP, and Telnet were part...
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