This chapter presents three areas for review, these are: diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits (mostly operational amplifiers). These subjects start with a short review of basic concepts, along with short examples, and progress to a level expected of an electrical engineer. When possible, a linear model is used so as to take advantage of all circuit reduction techniques of analysis. Since the area of electronics is so broad, only portions of theory can be presented. The reader is urged to have a good reference text(s) ^[*] available when proceeding through this review.

It is important, especially so in the field of electronics, to pay attention to subscript notation. If the symbol is upper case it implies a dc or average value if the subscript is also upper case; if the subscript is lower case, it may imply an rms or a function of frequency (either in the s-domain or the j ?-domain). On the other hand, if the symbol is lower case, and the subscript is upper case, a time varying function with a dc value is implied; while if the subscript is also lower case, the implication is a small signal time varying quantity without a dc component. When working examination problems, the reader is urged to take into context what seems reasonable, as many notational mistakes may inadvertently be shown in a text or on an examination problem.