Fundamentals of Electromagnetics with MATLAB, Second Edition

Appendix B: Material Parameters

Conductors

Conductivity ? (S/m)

Aluminum

3.5 10 7

Brass

1.6 10 7

Carbon

3.0 10 4

Copper

5.8 10 7

Germanium

2.3

Gold

4.1 10 7

Graphite

10 5

Iron

10 7

Mercury

10 6

Seawater

4

Silver

6.2 10 7

Tungsten

1.8 10 7

Insulators

Conductivity ? (S/m)

Bakelite

10 -9

Distilled water

10 -4

Dry earth

10 -5

Glass

10 -12

Mica

10 -15

Porcelain

2 10 -13

Quartz

10 -17

Rubber

10 -15

Silicon

3.9 10 -4

Transformer oil

10 -11

Wax

10 -17

Wet earth

10 -3

Dielectrics

Relative dielectric constant ? r

Air

1

Barium titanate

1200

Glass

6

Mica

6

Oil

2.3

Paper

3

Paraffin

2

Polystyrene

2.6

Porcelain

7

Quartz (fused)

4

Rubber

2.3 4.0

Teflon

2.1

Water (distilled)

80

Materials

Relative permeability ? r

Ferromagnetic

Cobalt

600

Commercial iron

250 9000

Nickel

250

Permalloy

8 10 3-10 5

Purified iron

10 4-2 10 5

Superpermalloy

10 5-10 6

Paramagnetic

Aluminum

1.000021

Magnesium

1.000012

Palladium

1.00082

Titanium

1.00018

Diamagnetic

Bismuth

0.99983

Gold

0.99996

Silver

0.99998

Copper

0.99999

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